Teratophone [1] ( lat. Teratophoneus ) is a genus of carnivorous dinosaurs - a theropod from the subfamily of tyrannosaurins that lived during the Upper Cretaceous era ( 83.5–70.6 million years ago) in the territory of the modern state of Utah ( USA ) [2] .
| † Teratophone |
 |
| Scientific classification |
|---|
| No rank : | Bilateral symmetric |
| Infraclass : | Archosauromorphs |
| No rank : | Archosauriformes |
| Superfamily : | † Tyrannosaurus |
| Subfamily : | † Tyrannosaurus |
|
| International Scientific Name |
|---|
Teratophoneus Carr et al. , 2011 |
| Single species |
|---|
† Teratophoneus curriei Carr et al. , 2011 |
Geochronology83.5–70.6 Ma | million years | Period | Era | Eon |
|---|
| 2.588 | Even | | | Ka | F
but
n
e
R
about
s
about
th | | 23.03 | Neogene | | 66.0 | Paleogene | | 145.5 | a piece of chalk | M
e
s
about
s
about
th | | 199.6 | Yura | | 251 | Triassic | | 299 | Permian | P
but
l
e
about
s
about
th | | 359.2 | Carbon | | 416 | Devonian | | 443.7 | Silur | | 488.3 | Ordovician | | 542 | Cambrian | | 4570 | Precambrian |
◄ Nowadays◄ Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction◄ Triassic extinction◄ Perm mass extinction◄ Devonian extinction◄ Ordovician-Silurian extinction◄ Cambrian explosion |
|---|
|
Content
The only species of Teratophoneus curriei was described in 2011 by Thomas Carr, Thomas Williamson, Brooks Britt and Ken Steadman. The name of the genus comes from the ancient-Greek. τέρας (teras) - “monster” and φονεύς (phoneus) - “killer”. The species name was given in honor of the paleontologist Phillip Curry for his overall contribution to the study of the tyrannosaurid family. The species was first described in 2005 by Carr in an unpublished dissertation, but since dissertations are not considered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, it has been labeled nomen ex dissertatione .
The holotype was found in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument area in Utah in layers of the Kaiparowits formation dating to the end of the campan . It consists of fragments of one individual and is part of the Brigham Young University collection, whose employees dug up the remains in the seventies of the XX century.
Finding the remains of teratophonaea shows that the ecosystem of the Laramidia subcontinent at that time should have been quite complex and confusing, since Bistahieversor , who lived around the same time, was found a little higher in the formation [3] .
The teratophone is a medium-sized dinosaur, compared with other species of the superfamily, with a length of about 5 meters and a weight of half a ton. The femur is 757 millimeters long. The skull is approximately 1.4 meters (55 inches) long.
Samples of this species were often included in the cladistic analysis under the heading Kaiparowits Tyrannosaur , although now this name is reserved for another taxon discovered in 2006. In 2011, the genus was placed in the subfamily of tyrannosaurins of the tyrannosaurid family as the main member of this group. He was a sister taxon of the last common ancestor of the daspletosaurus and tyrannosaurus [3] . In 2017, affiliation to the subfamily was confirmed [4] .
- ↑ Hawn D. Tyrannosaurus Chronicles: Biology and Evolution of the World’s Most Famous Predator = The Tyrannosaur Chronicles: The Biology of the Tyrant Dinosaurs: orig. ed. 2016: [per. from English ] / scientific. ed. A. Averyanov . - M .: Alpina non-fiction , 2017 .-- S. 69 .-- 358 p. : il. - ISBN 978-5-91671-744-0 .
- ↑ Teratophoneus (English) information on the Paleobiology Database website. (Retrieved July 3, 2019) .
- ↑ 1 2 TD Carr, TE Williamson, BB Britt and KL Stadtman. 2011. Evidence for high taxonomic and morphologic tyrannosauroid diversity in the Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian) of the American Southwest and a new short-skulled tyrannosaurid from the Kaiparowits Formation of Utah. Naturwissenschaften.
- ↑ Carr TD, Varricchio DJ, Sedlmayr JC, Roberts EM, and Moore JR 2017. A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system. Scientific Reports 7 : 44942: 1-11. DOI : 10.1038 / srep44942 .
