Aeneas (tribe)

• Kambar (patrimonial divisions: Akkuz, Ar, Akhun, Duerenner, Yene Bashkurt, Yene Tiptyare, Maseky, Mari, Surakai, Taul, Surash, Churash, Yrykay );
• Bugazy ;
• tugyz .

In the form Γενάχ is mentioned by Konstantin Bagryanorodny in the list of the ancient Hungarian confederation of tribes . The ethnonym jene (jeno) is still found in the toponymy of modern Hungary . The Bashkir name of the tribe - yenei and the Hungarian tribe jeno - according to linguists have a common origin. Gyula Nemeth ethnonym jeno leads to the forms: jenee - jeneu ^[1] .

The ethnonym 'Yen' was compared with parallels in ethnonymy (or in ancient languages) of the Ugric and Samoyed peoples ^{[2] [3]} . V.F. Gening, in particular, is inclined to raise the name of the Yenis to the Samoyedic root of the Yeni (true, faithful, right), which is present in the ethnonyms of the Enets and Nenets (Ancient Nenets - Nen, Ancient Enets - Ene). Linguists, however, consider the basis of the Yenis, Yonis to be Ancient Turkic . This conclusion was reached, for example, by V. G. Egorov, who discovered a nest of words with the indicated root (meaning 'cow') in the Chuvash , Uigur , Chagatai , Tuvan , Shor , Yakut , Gagauz , Mongolian languages, as well as in the ancient Turkic language runic writing ^[4] . D. Nemeth also forms the word jeno from the ancient Türkic basis, although it connects it with the root “to desire”, “want”, “trust”, “trust”, ^ minister ” ^[1] . The ethnonym Nene was formed, according to D. Nemeth, in a linguistic environment "close to the Bulgarian - Chuvash ." Indeed, ethnonyms often appear among Turkic tribal names that denote the dignity or estate: mursalar , tarkhan , beglar , etc. This circumstance, as well as historical and ethnographic data characterizing the ancient ethnic layer of the Bashkirs as Bulgaro-Ugric, make it preferable to give D.'s point of view. Nemeth, as the most justified, although the hypothesis of V. G. Egorov also seems interesting, and according to the final conclusions is quite close to the concept of a Hungarian scientist ^[5] .

In the old tradition of the Yenets, published by an anonymous author in 1909 in the journal Shura , it is said that the "ancient homeland of the Yeni tribe" (Yeney Vatan) was in the valley of the Zai River. The Eneys, the narrator continues, left their homeland in search of new lands; “They wandered through the forests for a long time, until, finally, they occupied vast lands in the lower reaches of Ika , Belaya and along the banks of the Kama ” ^[6] .

The legend of the ancient homeland on the Zai River still exists among the Yenets. In comparison with the facts of the stay of Yurmatians on the rivers Sheshme and Zai until the XII-XIV centuries. The Yeni legend becomes important evidence showing that the tribe of the Yenis, at least in the late I – early II millennium BC. e. It was part of the ethnic circle of the Jurmatian- Jurmian tribes, which were one of the components of the ancient Bashkir ethnic group. In this light, an additional argument is the identity of one of the Yeni tamgas of the Yurmatian tamga ^[5] .

The question of whether the ancestors of the Yenets were Ugri-Magyars , Bulgars or Turkic tribes is difficult to solve on the basis of our materials. However, judging by the absence in the speech of the Ik Bashkirs of any traces of Ugric vocabulary, according to the Turkic type of all tamgas, historical legends that invariably connect them with the Bulgars and Bulgaria , it can be assumed that the ancestors of the Yenets at the end of the 1st millennium e. They spoke the Turkic (Bulgarian?) language, but mixed strongly with the Magyar Ugrians, traces of whose influence must be sought in the physical type and archaic strata of the Bashkir culture. In this light, the presence of the name Genaea in the ancient Chuvash pagan anthroponymy is not without interest ^[7] .

Some of the tested yen turned out to belong to the haplogroup N1c. Another part of those tested turned out to belong to the haplogroup R1a , probably subclade z2123.

The territory of the settlement of the Yen tribe covered the lands along the lower reaches of the Ik , Agidel , Izh and both banks of the Kama River ^[8] .

After the annexation of Bashkortostan to the Moscow state, the estates of the Yenets formed the Eney volost of the Kazan road . The Yenite volost was divided into tubes (aimaks), which were formed in the second half of the 17th century. In the Menzelinsky Uyezd there were 5 tubes (aimaks) of the Eney volost: Large, Middle, Small, Terpelinskaya, Kanbar (Buaskulevo, Kalmash, Kartovo, Suuksy), Eney (Semiostrovnaya, Novosemiostrovnaya, Chelnanarat) and Bugadinskaya (Old and New Bugades, Safarovo, Kadyrmetevo, Soltangulovo, Zilevo). In the Elabuga district there were Salaushevskaya, Tuguz, Chigir tubes, and in the Sarapul district - Tuguz tube of the Yeney volost ^[9] .

• History of the Bashkir clans. Yenay. Volume 1. / S.I. Khamidullin, Yu.M. Yusupov, PP Asylguzhin, PP Shaikheev, PM Ryskulov, A. Ya. Gumerova. - Ufa: State Unitary Enterprise of the Republic of Belarus Ufa Printing Plant, 2014. - 432 pp., Ill. ISBN 978-5-85051-606-2
• Bashkir genealogy: Aeneas on YouTube
• History of the Bashkir clans: Eney
• History of the Bashkir clans: Giray (with additions to that of Eney)
• History of the Bashkir clans: Eney
• History of the Bashkir clans: Giray (with additions to that of Eney)