Sariasiya district

The name of the area comes from the Persian words - Sari (beginning) and Osiyo (Asia), which literally translates as the Beginning of Asia ^[2] .

Sariasiya district is located in the northeastern part of the Surkhandarya region. On the north-west side it borders on Kamadinsky and Shakhrisabz districts of the Kashkadarya region , on the east and north-east sides - on the Republic of Tajikistan , in the south-west on Baysun , on the south - on Kumkurgan and Baysun , on the south-east - on Uzun region. Surkhandarya region. The area of ​​the region is 3.8 thousand km ² and is the largest territorial entity of the region by area ^[2] .

A significant part of the territory of the Sariasiya region is located in the high mountains. In its administrative borders lies the Gissar ridges with the highest point of Uzbekistan, the Hazret-Sultan peak , which is 4,643 meters above sea level ^[2] .

From the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the territory of the Sariasiy region was part of the Bukhara emirate . After the liquidation of the power of the Emir of Bukhara in 1920 and the proclamation of the BNSR , until 1924 the territory of the region was part of this state entity. On October 27, 1924, as a result of the National-Territorial delimitation of Central Asia, the BNSR ceased to exist, and part of its territory became part of the newly-formed Uzbek SSR . On September 29, 1926, the Sariasiya district was formed, which became part of the Surkhan-Darya district of the Bukhara region of the Uzbek SSR (on March 6, 1941, the district was transformed into an independent Surkhandarya region) ^[2] .

On December 24, 1962, the Sariasiya district was abolished, and its territory became part of the Denov region . On February 22, 1964, the Sariasiya district was restored and exists until today, being part of the Surkhandarya region (viloyat) ^[2] .

Climate

The climate of the region is subtropical inland , with hot and dry summers during cold winters. The average annual temperature is +15.6 ° C; The average January temperature is + 2.5 ° C, the average July temperature is + 28.0 ° C. The absolute minimum temperature was -20 ° C, the absolute temperature maximum +53 ° C. On average, 200–300 mm of precipitation per year falls on the territory of the district (most of the precipitation falls in spring and autumn). The growing season lasts 270-280 days ^{[2] [3]} .

Soils

Adyrov soil cover is formed mainly of meadow-sierozem soils and salt marshes ^{[2] [3]} .

Relief

The relief of the Sariasiya region is mainly represented by hills and high mountains , almost all of its territory is occupied by mountains. The lands of the region are on average at 800 to 2000 meters above sea level. Lowlands are widespread in the southwestern part of the region, occupying a small area, and adyrs are widespread everywhere. The Gissar range stretches across the district, one of the highest in Uzbekistan. The highest point of the region is the peak Hazret-Sultan , whose height is 4,643 meters, and at the same time being the highest point of Uzbekistan ^[4] . The hills are formed by sandstones and loess . Sariasiya district lies in a seismic zone ^{[2] [3]} .

Hydrography

From the Gissar range run through the area of ​​the Surkhandarya , Tupalandarya , Obizarang , Sangardakdarya and other watercourses. Their waters are used for irrigated agriculture, practiced on gentle slopes at the foot of the mountains. The Tupalandarya (one of the tributaries of the Surkhandarya) is the largest and the most dyne river in the district. There are three major irrigation canals: Hasanhon , the Small and the Big Damaryk Canals ^{[2] [3]} .

Flora and fauna

On the territory of the region, the hawker , camel-thorn and other plants that are of great feeding value for the Karakul sheep bred everywhere are widespread. In the mountainous area in the wild form found juniper , apple , walnut , pistachio , almond , wild rose , astragalus , barberry ^{[2] [3]} .

On the territory of the region wolf , fox , brown bear , irbis , hare , gazelle , various types of lizards , including the family of geckoes , snakes , including the Central Asian cobra , snake arrows , various types of viper and boas, are common ^{[2] [3]} .

The administrative center of the district is the settlement of the city of Sariasia with a population of about 15 thousand people. Another settlement - Shargun , with a population of more than 12 thousand people, has the status of a city of regional subordination. The district also includes three urban-type settlements - Yangihaet , Tartuli , and Buyrapusht . The remaining settlements have the status of villages . The largest of these are Buston , Dashnabad , Nowruz , Sangardak , Sufiyon , Tacchiyon , Khufar, and Uzbekistan ^{[2] [5]} .

The head of the administration ( khokim ) of the Sariasiya district is currently Hamrokul Djurakulovich Mingboev. The building of the district administration is located in Sariasiya, at the address: Mahzalla Mirzo Ulugbek , Building 2 ^[1] .

As of January 1, 2015, 184,183 people lived in the area ^[1] . The bulk of the population lives in rural areas. In the national composition of the population, the majority are Uzbeks and Tajiks . The share of Tajiks is one of the highest in Uzbekistan. Also in the area live Russian , Tatars and other nationalities ^{[2] [6]} .

Agriculture

The land fund of the region as a whole is about 20.0 thousand hectares. In Sariasiya district, mainly developed branches of agriculture : cattle breeding , cotton growing , agriculture , gardening , viticulture . In the mid-2000s, 11 shirkat ( cooperative ) farms and 230 farms specialized in cattle breeding, grain growing and vegetable growing operated here. The area of ​​grain crops was 3.0 thousand hectares, cotton - 5.7 thousand hectares, vegetables - 1.5 thousand hectares, melons and fruits - 1.0 thousand hectares, orchards and vineyards - 0.8 thousand . ha There are farms for beekeeping and growing mountain healing herbs ^{[2] [7]} .

A total of 36 thousand heads of cattle , 51 thousand heads of small cattle ( sheep and goats ), 48 thousand heads of poultry , 7.0 thousand heads of horses in herds were in private and public ownership ^[2] .

Industry

There are deposits of coal , marble , phosphate , zinc , limestone and shale on the territory of the Sariasiya district. The development of these deposits is conducted by the open method . There are coal, marble and cotton processing enterprises. There are enterprises for the production of bricks, beverages, confectionery, dairy products and food. There are more than 40 different companies and enterprises, including 3 joint ventures. In particular, the joint Uzbek-Russian company Miftox and the Uzbek-Tajik company Lajer are producing beer ^{[2] [7]} .

Transportation

The total length of roads in the Sariasiya region is about 225 km, the bulk of which falls on the roads of national importance. A branch line of the railway runs along the Tashkent - Dushanbe and Uzun - Shargun routes . The main station of the district - Sariasiya is located 7 kilometers from the district center. On the territory of this region there is one of the two airports of the Surkhandarya region ^{[2] [7]} .

Bus service is supported along the Kamashi - Denov , Shakhrisabz - Denov routes and others ^[2] .

Education

In the 2003/2004 school year, 71 secondary schools functioned in the Sariasii district. 31.0 thousand children received education in schools. There are two gymnasiums, three special boarding schools, and three vocational colleges ^[2] .

Culture and Education

In the Sariasii district, there are one theater , the Palace of Culture , three houses of culture , numerous clubs and 41 libraries (as of the mid-2000s) ^[2] .

In addition to newspapers, magazines, radio stations and TV channels distributed throughout Uzbekistan and the Surkhan-Darya region, the newspaper Sariosiyo ( Sariasiya ) is published in the Sariasii district ^[2] .

Medicine

There is one hospital and one hospital in the area. In almost every locality there is a medical facility. In the mountainous area of ​​the region operates sanatorium Hondiza , which attracts people with heart and respiratory diseases from all over Uzbekistan ^[2] .

Sports

Stadiums , gyms , athletic fields and other sports facilities operate in the Sariasii district. As of the mid-2000s, there were 18 sports facilities ^[2] .

On the territory of Sariasiya district there are a number of archaeological monuments. There are citadels of cities V — VIII centuries. Of these, the largest ones are: Kultepa, Nonvoytepa, Humdontepa, Huroztepa, Kafirkala, Hisortepa and others. In the mountainous regions there are ancient shelters of the Upper Paleolithic era: Khushdar, Podakhona, Darianhor ^[2] .

On the territory of the district there are two candidates for the UNESCO World Heritage List in Uzbekistan - Ak Astana-Baba Mausoleum as a cultural object ^[8] , Gissar Mountains as a natural object ^{[2] [9]} .

• National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan . - Tashkent, 2000-2005. ( uz. )
• Ethnic Atlas of Uzbekistan. - Tashkent: “IOOFS - Uzbekistan”, 2002. - 452 p. - ISBN 5-862800-10-7 . ( Rus .)
• O`zbekiston iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy geografiyasi. - Bukhara: O`qituvchi, 2008. - 178 p. ( uz .)
• Uzbekistan Tabiys geography. - Kokand: Publishing house KGPI named after Mukimi, 2006. - 165 p. ( uz .)