Aceh war ( indon. Perang Aceh , Dutch. Atjehoorlog ) - armed conflict between the Netherlands and the independent sultanate of Ace in the north of Sumatra , lasted from 1873 to 1904 and ended with the victory of the Dutch forces.
| Aceh war | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Aceh village after capture by Dutch troops. Photo, 1901 . | |||
| date | 1873 - 1904 | ||
| A place |  Sultanate Aceh | ||
| Cause | Territorial expansion , aggressiveness of the Netherlands | ||
| Total | The conquest of the sultanate of the Netherlands | ||
| Opponents | |||
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| Commanders | |||
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| Forces of the parties | |||
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| Losses | |||
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Content
Background
In 1873, mass protests against Dutch rule began in Sumatra. The uprising was taken over by the national leader, Sultan Mahmoud Shah II .
The course of the war
In March 1873, a three thousandth Dutch punitive corps landed on the island and occupied Banda Aceh . It was announced the accession of Aceh to the colonial possessions of the Netherlands [1] . The rebels continued their resistance until the 1904 campaign, during which the total number of troops in the Netherlands was increased, including through mercenaries, to 50,000 soldiers, which led to the suppression of the resistance of self-defense units in the mountainous regions and the complete occupation of the island of Sumatra . In order to confront a technologically superior enemy, the inhabitants of Aceh province resorted to a guerrilla war , in particular, built traps and ambushes. Dutch troops responded by destroying entire villages and killing both prisoners and civilians. The heroes of the war were Ulema Muhammad Saman and village headman Teuku Umar [2] . Sultan Aceh’s attempts to defend independence using diplomatic maneuvers, including securing the support of Turkey , Russia , the United States , were unsuccessful [3] .
Consequences
Local uprisings continued until 1913 , but they did not have a significant impact on the situation in the region. According to various estimates, the number of dead defenders of independence during the hostilities, as well as hunger and disease, ranges from 70,000 to 100,000. The number of dead civilians of the Sultanate is unknown.
Notes
- ↑ A - Bureau of Military Commissars / [under the general. ed. A. A. Grechko ]. - M .: Military Publishing House of the USSR Ministry of Defense , 1976. - P. 334. - ( Soviet Military Encyclopedia : [in 8 vols.]; 1976-1980, vol. 1).
- ↑ Pogadayev, V. A. "Teuku Umar - Hero of the Anti-Colonial Acic War, 1873-1913." - “Questions of History”, N 2, 2012, p. 162-165
- ↑ Pogadayev, V. A. "Secret diplomacy of the Ace Sultanate in the 19th century" - in the book. Political intrigue in the East. M., 2000, p. 302-311
Literature
- Achekh war // A - Bureau of military commissars / [under the total. ed. A. A. Grechko ]. - M .: Military Publishing House of the USSR Defense Ministry , 1976. - ( Soviet Military Encyclopedia : [in 8 vols.]; 1976-1980, vol. 1).
- Tyurin, V.A. Aceh war. (From the history of the national liberation movement in Indonesia) M., 1970.
- Ibrahim, Alfian. "Aceh and the Perang Sabil." Indonesian Heritage: Early Modern History . Vol. 3, ed. Anthony Reid, Sian Jay and T. Durairajoo. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet, 2001.132-133
- Reid, Anthony. An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese & Other Histories of Sumatra. - Singapore: Singapore University Press, 2005. - ISBN 9971-69-298-8 .
- Ricklefs, MC A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300. - Hampshire, UK: MacMillan Press, 1993. - P. 143–46. - ISBN 978-0804721950 .
- Vickers, Adrian. A History of Modern Indonesia. - New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. - P. 10–13. - ISBN 0-521-54262-2 .
Links
- WAR AND POLICY: THE DUTCH EXPERIENCE OF THE ACHECH WAR (1873-1913)
- Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aceh War