Pastavy

The name Pastav is of Baltic origin and is associated with the names of lakes in Eastern Lithuania, which directly borders on the Postavy region: Pastovis, Pastovys, Pastovėlis . They are explained by the Lithuanian word pastovis “a deep place in a river where water flows slowly”, hence “stagnant water that does not flow” ^[4] .

In large wholesale trade, linen, cloth, etc., came in the form of large cuts - “sets”, the length of which at different times and in different places ranged from 30 to 60 cubits (in the places of trade these measures had a specific meaning) .

Located on the river Myadelka (the Western Dvina basin ) 245 km from Vitebsk , 160 km from Minsk .

Nature and Ecology

Natural monuments of republican significance: Mayak, Boyarovschina, Lysaya mountains; boulders Zavlechansky, Lodossky, Megunsky, Leaky stone Kaptarunsky, Devil's stone Sobolkovsky. Natural monuments of local importance: mountains - Baldovschina, Bolshaya, Horovatka; Zhupersky government; hills - Borodinsky and Chernetsky; boulders - Zybalishsky, Kamaisky, Trashavitsky, Chashkavshchinsky; Kaznadeyushsky stone.

On the territory of the city there are six large reservoirs: two ponds (South and North on the river Myadelki ); Lakes Black and Round (Parkovoe) and the largest lake - Zadevskoye, which is connected by the Devitsa River to Lake Dumblya.

It was first mentioned in 1409, when the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas-Alexander granted Bratoshin Zenovich the right to use the village and Lake Pastavy with the environs within the following boundaries: the Spyagelsky and Luchaysky Bor, the Black Ruchey, Ozeraviche and Sudviche rivers, Gubsky forest, a bridge on the river Luchayke, the Bubnovo-Vereceya forest, the Flat Stream and Myadelitsa rivers ^[5] .

In 1522, the estate in Pastavy was divided between four brothers into four parts: Nikolai, Mikhail, Yuri (Jerzy) and Jan Despot-Zenovich ^[6] . From this period begins the classic feudal fragmentation of estates. Various parts were changed, sold, and inherited as a dowry.

In 1556, Jan Hrzhchonovich purchased the fourth part of Pastav from Yezhi Mikhailovich Zenovich for 900 kopecks of Lithuanian pennies. Jerzy Zenovich, one part of Pastav left his mother from the house of Zenovich, the second part - to Stanislav Zenovich.

In 1567, after the death of Jan Khrzhchonovich and his wife, three parts of Pastav (one for eternal possession and two as collateral) pass to their daughter.

In 1568, their daughter passes Pastavy to her husband and leaves 4 parts for herself.

Polotsky Kashtelyan, Yuri Nikolaevich Zenovich (circa 1510-1583), according to The Lithuanian Troops Popis, put up horses and from his part of the estate in Pastavy:

Kashtalyan of the land of Polotsk. The month of October is 8 days. Pan Yury Zenovievich, the chestnut of the land of Polotsk, the holder of the Lepelsky, Chichersky and Propoisky, achkolvek did not show his mail, Ale sent a register to the hetman, proving that he would give the mail of the guilty one, that is, a memorial from Kurshan in the land of Petrograd; and from Smorkgoyn in the district of Oshmensky horses are fifteen; and there were six horses with Pastavy and Polavia, and two horses with Kostenevich in the district of Mensky; a s Belitsy in the district of Orsha horses osm; and Z Prusovich in the district Mensky horse alone. In sum, all the mail, his grace, the confessor, the horses of forty-seven zbrojne - przri, etc., bend., Horn .; and with those riders, Mayuchi Drabey twenty Chotyra showed his mercy to Pogotov ^[7] .

In 1581 , the army of King Stefan Batory on Polotsk passed through Pastavy during the Livonian War with the troops of Ivan the Terrible ^[8] .

In 1591, Yarosh Begansky presented Dolzh folklore with his subjects Stanislav with 5 subjects and 10 bourgeois in the town of Pastavy.

1616 - in Pastavy on the Island (Settlement) Stanislav Begansky built the Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary and the Franciscan monastery. The following villages belonged to that part of Pastav belonging to Begansky: Kosteni, Sivtsy, Cuttings , Poluiki. Later, the Begansky courtyard was built in Pastavy.

In 1620, the coven captain Jerzy Jan Yurievich Zenovich acquires all parts of Pastav from his brothers for 5306 kopecks of Lithuanian pennies. In addition, Pastav purchases parts from Goiskiy and Khrzhchonovich.

1628 - the town consisted of a central part with a market square, and 2 outskirts; totaled 66 yards. 2 streets diverged from the square. one led to the estate, and the second, on which the Nicholas Church was located, led to the outskirts of Zarechye

In 1637, the son of a coven capital steward, Jerzy Zenowicz, presented Pastavy to Anna Sofie from Zenovici, the ex-wife of Albrecht Vladislav Radziwill .

During the campaign of the tsarist troops in Vilna in 1655, the corps of Vasily Petrovich Sheremetev captured and burned the town of Pastavy.

In 1686, Pastavy, Island, Shipwrecks was taken into possession of Apollonia Beganskaya.

Until the middle of the XVIII century it was a small settlement located on the banks of two lakes formed by the river Myadelka . The city center has traditionally been a market square, from which trade routes to Myadel and Druya ​​began . On its eastern side was a wooden Roman Catholic church (XVI — XVIII century) and the Greek Catholic Church (1713). On the other side of the lake was a wooden Franciscan monastery. These buildings were not preserved: they were replaced by stone samples in the 19th - early 20th centuries.

In 1720 , the Pastavy passed into the possession of the Tyzenhausen clan. Significant transformations of the city were carried out by the Grodno headman Anthony Tizengauz , a reformer who sought to turn his family estate into one of the centers of culture and industry of the region. Manufacture was organized (a total of 35 enterprises) ^[9] . Over time, the place completely changed and got a street structure close to rectangular. The Italian architect Giuseppe (Jozef) de Sacco , who from 1773 lived in Grodno and was the court architect of A. Tizengauz, is considered the author of the redevelopment project ^[10] .

Voevoda Mstislavsky (1788-1795) and Minsk provincial leader (1795-1797) Francis Xavier Khominsky was married to Sofia Tizenguaz, the daughter of Casimir Tizenguaz and Barbara Yuditskaya. Thanks to the marriage, he took possession of the city of Pastavy, which he chose as his residence. Their marriage was childless.

After the second division of the Commonwealth (1793), Pastavy became part of the Russian Empire, where it became the center of the county.

On January 22, 1796, a coat of arms was granted to the city.

Under Konstantin Tizengauz, the city ​​turned into one of the scientific and cultural centers of the Vilna province of the Northwest Territory of the Russian Empire. An ornithological museum, art gallery, and library were founded ^[11] .

In 1861, the estate in the Pastavy of Disney County belonged to Count Tiesenhausen. The estate had 4,112 male serf souls. Money rent was paid from each yard depending on the amount of land. Natural duties were carried out as follows: 4 rye tetrads, a quarter of oats, 1 goose, 2 chicken, 10 eggs, 1 talc, a mushroom cop, a quarter of calcareous stones, 2 fathoms of fish net, one guard at a time. The drive was served for 156 days from the yard for serf souls male and female. The drive was 7 days for male and female working souls ^[12] .

In the place was the famous Postavy school of pathos hunting .

During the First World War, the city ​​of Pastavy was on the front line. Pilot-captain Yevgeny Stepanovich Pyatosin (a native of the Kiev province) was awarded the George Arms “because he was given the task of photographing the enemy’s position in the Komay, Pastavy, Godutishki area from March 5 to March 24, 1916 g., made a series of military intelligence, and each time, despite shelling the enemy artillery, he carried out his task to the end. On March 24, his apparatus was shot down by enemy artillery and sank near our trenches, and the pilot received bruises on his face and legs. Despite the extremely unfavorable weather conditions and heavy shelling of German artillery, he completed the task given to him on time by presenting pictures of all three lines of the trenches ”( PAF of 03.03.1917) .

Since 1921, as part of Poland, the county center of the Vilnius Voivodeship. In the late 1920s, there were 2 sawmills in the city, as well as a brick factory, a steam mill, a brewery, and a bakery.

In 1935 - 1939, the 23rd regiment of the Grodno Lancers was located in Pastavy.

In 1938, the Postawy People’s Defense (ON) battalion, which was part of the Dzisna half-brigade, whose headquarters was also in Postavy, was formed in Pastavy. The commander of the half-brigade was Colonel Edward Perkovich, a resident of the Postavy district.

The last owner of the estate in Pastavy was Konstantin Pshedetsky (09/18/1879 - 04/21/1966, Stockholm), married and divorced from Sophia-Maria Lubomirskaya.

The Lithuanian Central State Archive stores a Polish plan of Postavy ^[13] .

On September 18, 1939, the city ​​was occupied by units of the Belorussian Front of the Red Army and became part of the BSSR.

In Pastavy was located 4 rifle corps ^{[14] of the} Red Army.

Since 1940 - the center of the district of the Vileika region of the Belorussian SSR .

On July 5, 1944, Pastavy was liberated from German troops by the 145th Infantry Division (Major General P. A. Dibrova ).

Since 1944 - as part of the Molodechno region .

Since 1960 - as part of the Vitebsk region , the administrative center of the Postavy district .

In 2017, 229 were born in Postavy and 260 people died. The birth rate is 11.5 per 1000 people (the average in the district is 10.8, in the Vitebsk region - 9.6, in the Republic of Belarus - 10.8), the mortality rate is 13.1 per 1000 people (the average in the district - 19.4, in the Vitebsk region - 14.4, in the Republic of Belarus - 12.6) ^[21] .

The city has Postavy State College ^[22] .

The following enterprises operate in the city:

Electronic industry

• Private Unitary Enterprise "Belit Plant" ^[23]

Timber and woodworking industry

• GLHU Postavy Forestry
• Postavymebel OJSC
• LLC Production and Furniture Center
• Private Unitary Enterprise "Postavy Furniture Center"

Light and food industry

• Private Unitary Enterprise "Combine of the cooperative industry of Postavy Raipo" (Bread factory)
• OAO Postavsky Flax Mill
• OAO Postavy Dairy Plant

Land reclamation and road-building organizations

• DKUASP "Postavsky Dawn"
• Postavy DRSU-132,
• DEU-33
• UE Postavskoye ICP

Tourism

There are three hotels in the city, the Postavy Museum of Local Lore is functioning, the festival of folk music “Zvinyatsk tsymbaly i harmonik” is held.

Media

The media are represented by the Postavsky Krai newspaper and the Postavy TV television

Railway station on the line Krulevschizna - Lintupy .

The motorways P27 ( Braslav - Myadel ) and P110 ( Glubokoe - Lyntupy ) pass through the city.

Public Transport

Branch “Motor transport company No. 17 of Postavy” OJSC “Vitebskoblavtotrans” (serves 30 routes, 6 of them in Postavy)

• Tizengauz Palace (1788 - 1st half of the XIX century) - now the building of the district clinic
• Building pl. Lenin (XVIII — XIX centuries), including the doctor’s house (2nd half of the XVIII century), artisan’s house (2nd half of the XVIII century), residential buildings (2nd half of the XVIII century)
• The Catholic Church of St. Anthony of Padua (1898-1904)
• Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas (1894)
• Synagogue and Jewish cemetery (beginning of XX century.)
• Water Mill (2nd half of the 19th century)
• Museum of Local Lore (formerly a hotel)
• The monument is a stele of Polish soldiers and officers who died in battles with the Bolsheviks in 1920.

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  Downtown

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  Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas

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  Tizengauz Palace

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  Lenin Square

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  Catholic Church of St. Anthony of Padua

•   Italy : Sant Oreste
•   Latvia : Rezekne
•   Lithuania : Kupiskis , Rokiskis , Švenčionis , ирirvintos
•   Poland : Wejherowo , Siemiatycze
•   Russia : Kursk , Pushkino
•   Estonia : Johvi

• Post-Ghetto

• Pastes to the Globe TUT.by