Bertil Lindblad [1] ( Swede. Bertil Lindblad ; November 26, 1895 , Örebro June 26, 1965 , Saltsjöbaden ) is a Swedish astronomer known for his work on the study of the dynamics of stars (including star clusters ) and the structure of galaxies (primarily the Milky Way ) Since 1928 - a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , in 1938 - 1939 and 1960 - 1961 - its president.
| Bertil Lindblad | |
|---|---|
| Bertil lindblad | |
| Date of Birth | November 26, 1895 |
| Place of Birth | Örebro |
| Date of death | June 26, 1965 (69 years old) |
| Place of death | Saltsjöbaden |
| A country | |
| Scientific field | astronomy |
| Place of work | Uppsala Observatory |
| Alma mater | Uppsala University |
| Academic rank | professor of astronomy |
| Awards and prizes | Janssen Medal ( 1938 )  Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society ( 1948 ) Katherine Bruce Medal ( 1953 ) Jules Jansen Award ( 1949 ) |
Content
Biography
In 1920 he graduated from Uppsala University , in 1920-1921 he completed an internship at Mount Wilson , Harvard and Lick Observatories (USA). In 1921-1927 he worked at the Uppsala Observatory . Since 1927 - professor of astronomy at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and director of the Stockholm Observatory , created under his leadership in 1927-1931.
In 1948 - 1952 - President of the International Astronomical Union ; in 1952-1955 - President of the International Council of Scientific Unions.
Scientific Achievements
The main scientific works of Lindblad are devoted to the study of the dynamics of stellar formations. He found that the speeds of the observed stars lend themselves to certain patterns. To explain them in 1926, he proposed the concept of the rotation of the Galaxy. According to his theory, all bodies in the galaxy belong to different interpenetrating subsystems that rotate at different speeds and are characterized by varying degrees of oblateness. Estimated the period of revolution and the mass of the Galaxy . In 1927, the existence of the rotation of the Galaxy was confirmed by J. H. Oort on the basis of a statistical study of radial velocities and the proper motions of stars . A number of Lindblad’s works are devoted to the study of the spiral structure and rotation of spiral galaxies . Examining the movements of stars in large clusters (galaxies), I found that stars tend to concentrate in spiral arms and that spirals are leading in the rotation of the galaxy (currently they believe that they are “dragging”).
I discovered the dependence of the absorption value in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum in the stars of the late spectral classes on their luminosity and correctly identified the absorption source with the cyan molecule; developed on the basis of this effect a method for determining the luminosity of faint cold stars from spectra with low dispersion ( 1922 ).
He was also engaged in the theory of radiant equilibrium and its application to the study of the surface layers of the Sun , in particular to the phenomenon of darkening of the disk to the edge ( 1920 ). In 1934, he first showed that small particles of interstellar dust can form and grow by accretion, and that this process can play a large role in the formation and evolution of stars .
In honor of the scientist named a crater on the moon and an asteroid 1448 (Lindblad) .
Notes
- ↑ Lindblad Bertil // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
Literature
- Kolchinsky I.G., Korsun A.A., Rodriguez M.G. Astronomers. Biographical reference. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1976. - S. 150-151.
- Murdin P. Lindblad, Bertil (1895-1965) // Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics. - Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing, 2001. - P. 2195. - DOI : 10.1888 / 0333750888/3815 -
- Tenn JS Bertil Lindblad . The Bruce Medalists . Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sonoma State University (December 31, 2012). Date of treatment January 29, 2013. Archived February 2, 2013.