Kurgominsky volost

Kurgominsky volost was located in the northeast of Shenkur district, on the banks of the Northern Dvina .

The Kurgominsky boyars was one of the possessions in the Zavolochye of the Novgorod posadnik, the second husband of the famous Martha Boretskaya , Isaak Andreevich Boretsky . In 1605, the Kurgominsky parish was formed in Vazhsky uyezd , which was previously part of the Topetsk parish. The main initiator of the department was the peasant Ivan Chulok. In 1702, Peter I visited Topsu and Tulgas . In 1719, in the Kurgominsky volost of the Podvinsky quarter of the Vazhsky district, there were 18 villages. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Kurgominsky volost became part of the Kurgominsky specific order, combining several subvine volosts. In 1829, an earthquake occurred in Tulgas. In 1837, Kurgominsky volost became part of the second police camp of the Shenkur district . The eleventh military district was located in the Zaostrovsky village of Yakovlevskaya. In 1841, a village bank was opened in Kurgominsky volost. In 1858, the first steamboats “South” and “Dvina” passed along the Northern Dvina. About half of the population of the volost were Old Believers-schismatics . They were in Bork , Zaostrovye, Tulgas, Selts , and were in the Kurgominsky parish ^[1] . There were 3 schools in Kurgominsky volost, in which 104 boys and 10 girls studied. Literate were 548 men and 10 women. In 1889, a literacy school was opened in Kurgomeni , which in 1894 was transformed into a parish church. The school was in a private apartment, children were taught in 1895 by Nadezhda Kozmina. In 1903, Kurgominsky volost became part of the third camp of Shenkur district. In 1905, the Kurgominsky volost consisted of eight rural societies : Verkhneboretskoye, Zaostrovskoye, Kurgominskoye, Nizhneboretskoye, Seletskoye, Topetskoye, Troitskoye and Tulgassky. Post Office - Yakovlevskoe. In 1909, manufactories in the Kurgominsky volost were located in the villages: Maksimovskaya, Ivanovo, Borisovskaya and Trofimovskaya.

In 1911, the Boretskaya volost stood out from the Kurgominsky volost. In 1917, there were 2384 households in the Kurgominsky volost. The number of cattle was: 2819 cattle, 1479 horses, 8672 sheep, 6 goats. On average, 1 farm had: 1.2 cows and 0.7 horses. In 1918, from the eastern (right-bank) part of the Kurgominsky volost, the Topetskaya volost was formed, which included the Kurgominsky society.

In early August 1918, the parish was captured by intervention troops. On August 16, Red units with fights moved towards Puchugi. On August 23, the Red forces launched an offensive, freeing Borok, Puchuga, Rostov and Chamovo. However, by September 22, Tulgas, Zaostrovye, Seltso, Borok were left red. In the autumn battles in Trinity, many Red Army soldiers were captured. They were loaded by whites on a barge that was flooded in the Northern Dvina. On October 4, 1918, the Red forces launched an offensive and during the fighting liberated Seltso, Zaostrovye, Borok and Trinity. The whites were in Tulgas and Kurgomeni (their headquarters were located in the house of V. M. Zykov), the red ones were in Tops and Selts. Between January and March 1919, the Red forces made several unsuccessful attempts to take Tulgas. Several rows of wire fences were installed in front of the positions. People were taken out of the upper villages, and houses were burned down. The same strongly fortified positions were in Kurgomeni. Selivanov’s detachment of 66 managed to occupy Kurgomen and stay there for three days, preventing the enemy from dropping cows and horses and occupying Kurgomen again. After the Civil War, the number of livestock in the Kurgominsky volost decreased: 1 farm was 0.5 horses, 0.8 cows (1920). The peasants were forced to surrender part of the surplus production: hay, straw, oil, lingonberries, cranberries. In 1921, a tax was established, which included the supply of grain, potatoes, butter and eggs. There was no salt, so cabbage and mushrooms were not salted. In Topsa, after the Civil War, they still did not have time to rebuild. Typhus and malaria raged in Bork and Tops. In 1922, an educational program was organized in Kurgomeni. The decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the administrative division of the Arkhangelsk province" of June 9, 1924 , during the first stage of enlargement of volosts, Boretskaya and Topetskaya volosts were included in the Kurgominsky volost ^[2] . On October 1, 1924, after enlargement, there were 6 rural societies in Kurgominskoy volost: Boretskoye (village of Gorka ), Zaostrovskoye (village of Yakovlevskoye ), Kurgominskoye (village of Kurgomen ), Topetskoye (village of Ivanovo ), Troitskoe (village of Zinovievskaya ), Tulgasskoe (village Tulgas ). In 1924, the first detachments of pioneers were created in Zaostrovskaya and Tulgassky schools. As of January 1, 1926, there were 6 village councils in Kurgominsky volost. The center of the volost was located in the village of Bolshaya Zinovievskaya of the Topetskiy village council . October 4, 1926 issued a decree of the Central Executive Committee on the enlargement of volosts ^[3] . According to this decree, during the second stage of enlargement of volosts, the territory abolished in Rostov volost was included in the Kurgominsky volost ^[4] . In 1928, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee issued a decree on transferring the center of Kurgominsky volost from the village of Bolshaya Zinovievskaya to the topetskoye village of Zakolupino (Zherebtsovskaya, Zakolupovskaya) ^{[5] [6]} .

In 1929 , after the liquidation of the provincial-county-volost administrative division, the Bereznitsky district was created in the Arkhangelsk district of the Northern Territory from the northern part of the Shenkur district (Kurgominsk and Ustvazh volosts and the Kitsky village council of the Shegovarsk volost ). The territory of the abolished Kurgominsky volost became part of the Kurgominsky , Topetskoy , Boretsky , Seletsky , Troitsky , Zaostrovsky and Tulgassky village councils of the Bereznitsky (Bereznikovsky) district.

Nowadays, the territory of the former Kurgominsky volost occupies the southern part of the Vinogradovsky district of the Arkhangelsk region , being part of the Rochegodsky rural settlement , Zaostrovsky rural settlement , Boretsky rural settlement .

In 1785, 648 people lived in the Kurgominsky volost. In 1888 there were 8840 people. In 1917, 11,830 people of both sexes lived in the Kurgominsky volost in 141 settlements. In 1920, there were 2,601 people in the Kurgominsky volost ^[7] . According to the census of 1926, 16834 people lived in Kurgominsky volost ^[8] .

• Borets painting

• Zarubin L. A.: Vazhskaya land in the XIV — XV centuries - History of the USSR

• Vovina V.G. STATE DESCRIPTIONS XVII - FIRST THIRD XVIII century. AS A SOURCE FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LIFE OF THE PALACE VALLEY (based on the materials of Kurgomeni) // THESES OF REPORTS OF PARTICIPANTS OF THE IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE "AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO STUDY ANCIENT RUSSIA", organized with financial support of "No. 01-01-1 RFB. Questions of Medieval Studies ”, 2017, No. 3 (69), September