Lemkovskie dialects (also Western Carpathian dialects ) are archaic East Slavic dialects that are traditionally considered as dialects of the Carpathian group of the southwestern dialect of the Ukrainian language (scholars who distinguish independent Ruthenian classify Lemkovo dialects as Western Carpathorussian dialects ). Geographically Lemko dialects are widespread in Lemkovschina : in the western regions of the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine , in eastern Slovakia and in the Rzeszow Voivodeship of Poland (in the mountainous regions on the border of Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine), and from 1945-1947 as a result of forced relocation also in different parts of Ukraine ( Donetsk , Lugansk and Kirovograd regions ) and in different parts of the Returned Territories of Poland ( Legnica , Koszalinsk and Olsztyn Voivodeship) (after Operation Wisla ) [1] .
Content
Literature
In Poland, Lemko dialects are the officially recognized language of the national minority (Lemko language), Lemko literary language is codified on the basis of northern (Polish) Lemko dialects. In Slovakia, on the basis of southern Lemko dialects, the Pryšev variant of the Ruthenian literary language is codified.
Distribution Area
The dialects were formed in the XIV-XVI centuries as a result of the movement of the East Slavic population from Nadsanya ( Sanot and Przemysl lands) to the Carpathians . In the east, Lemkovo dialects border on areas of Boykov and Transcarpathian dialects , in the south and west - with Slovak dialects , in the north - with Polish dialects .
There are North Lemkov dialects in Poland and South Lemkov dialects in Slovakia [2] .
Features of dialects
- The presence of a fixed paroxytonic stress (always falling on the penultimate syllable), which arose, probably, as a result of language contacts with Polish dialects . Consistently implemented in Lemko dialects of Poland, in Ukrainian Lemko dialects the accentuation norm is destabilized [3] .
- Opposition to the vowels of the upper ascent : the vowel of the front row of the upper ascent [i] - the vowel of the middle (middle-front) row of the upper (upper-middle) ascent [y] - the vowel of the rear (middle-rear) row of ascent [s] [4 ] [4 ] .
- The presence of bilabial [u̯] in the place / l / in front of the vowels of the non-front row [o], [a], [u]. In the lemons of Ukraine, there is a tendency to replace [u̯] with the front-lingual [l] [5] .
Notes
- ↑ Alekseeva, 2008 , p. 45–46.
- ↑ Alekseeva, 2008 , p. 45.
- ↑ Alekseeva, 2008 , p. 48-49.
- ↑ Alekseeva, 2008 , p. 49-50.
- ↑ Alekseeva, 2008 , p. 50-51.
Literature
- Stieber Z. Z fonetyki historycznej dialektu Łemków. // Świat językowy Słowian. - Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1974. - S. 448-463
- Stieber Z. Systemy wokaliczne dawnej Łemkowszczyzny. // Świat językowy Słowian. - Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1974. - S. 464—473
- Stieber Z. Systemy konsonantyczne dawnej Łemkowszczyzny. // Świat językowy Słowian. - Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1974. - S. 474—478
- Alekseeva M. Lemkov dialects in contacts with other Slavic languages // Studies in Slavic dialectology. 13: Slavic dialects in a situation of linguistic contact (past and present) / L. Kalnin. - M .: Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 2008. - P. 44-57. - ISBN 978-5-7576-0217-2 .