Microdistrict

Institutions of cultural and public services began to add to the development of residential neighborhoods in the early 1920s. In 1922-1923, the Soviet architect L. A. Vesnin , designing a quarter for the Simonovskaya Sloboda in Moscow , along with residential buildings included a dining room, a kindergarten, a bathhouse, a laundry, a repair shop and playgrounds ^[3] . At the same time, S. E. Chernyshev and N. Ya. Collie designed another similar quarter, also in Moscow ^[3] . In the West, from the USA in 1923 formulated the principle of a block with residential buildings and consumer services. ^[4] In 1929, he presented a diagram of an ideal urban neighborhood with residential buildings for 5,000 people; with a school, two churches, a public building - in the center and shops - in the corners ^[4] . In the same year, Perry submitted for the New York City Master Plan a “ neighborhood unit formula”, consisting of six provisions, according to which, for example, a school should be in the center of such a unit, and landscaping should occupy one tenth of its territory ^[4] . Since then, under the name of “neighborhood units”, in the development of many cities in Europe and America, there are planning elements similar to Soviet microdistricts in their functions and structure.

In the USSR , the following cultural and social services institutions were indispensable attributes of the microdistrict: kindergartens, schools, canteens, shops ^[5] .

Microdistricts often received digital designations (“1st microdistrict”, “2nd microdistrict”, etc.), sometimes Roman numbers were used (for example, “I microdistrict”). In the Novosibirsk Academgorodok and the Pushchino town near Moscow, microdistricts received not a numerical, but a letter designation - A, B, C, D , and D ; The name “Shch” microdistrict in the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok is due to the fact that the builders of the Akademgorodok who lived on the site of the future microdistrict settled in two or four apartments in wooden panel one-story houses. For simplicity, this place was designated by the letter “Щ” in the diagrams - it gave the name to the micro-district ^[6] .

Microdistricts may also have historical names (for example, the Gatchina Aerodrome microdistrict, which arose in the 1960s, was named after the military airdrome located earlier in its place). ^[7]

In 2001, the Zerkalny microdistrict was attached to the village of Vaskelovo, Vsevolozhsk District, Leningrad Region . By the resolution of the administration of Kuyvozov volost No. 15 dated March 29, the village of Zerkalny was renamed into the “Zerkalny microdistrict of the village of Vaskelovo” and annexed to the village ^[8] .

There are 14 streets in the microdistrict ^[9] .

According to the regional law No. 105-OZ in the Zerkalny microdistrict of the village of Vaskelovo, land plots for individual housing construction continue to be allocated ^[10] .

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  16th microdistrict of Zelenograd

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  7th microdistrict of Rubezhnoye

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  Typical buildings Gldani, Tbilisi

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  The Alluvium microdistrict in Nikolaev

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  Courtyard of Lasnamäe microdistrict, Tallinn

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  Yard in the Northwest microdistrict, Cheboksary

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  Markov microdistrict in Dmitrov

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  The Malkovo microdistrict in the city of Naro-Fominsk

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  Microdistrict of Jan Fabricius in Sochi

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  3rd Kurkino microdistrict on the outskirts of Moscow

• Youth residential complex (MZHK)
• Model Promising Residential Area
• City block

• Zosimov G. I. The spatial organization of the city (module in the planning structure). - M .: Stroyizdat , 1976. - 118 p. - 5,000 copies.