Bryansk Automobile Plant

Launcher 9P140 MLRS "Uragan" on the basis of the Bryansk ZIL-135 LMP

The Bryansk Automobile Plant was founded on June 4, 1958 , as a branch of the Moscow ZIL plant for the manufacture of components: drive axles, winches, transfer boxes, suspensions and other parts for ZIL-131 vehicles. The basis for the creation of a new enterprise was the tractor production of the Bezhitsky Steel Plant ^[2] .

Already in 1959, the production of motor vehicles for the needs of the army was transferred from Moscow to the plant, and in 1960 a special closed design bureau (SKB) and independent production were established at BAZ. The leading designer in the SKB Rozov Rafail Aleksandrovich, who worked in Bryansk until 1967, played a leading role in creating further in-house developments of BAZ.

In 1961, the first development of the plant, the BAZ-930, was tested, but did not go into the series, and instead the plant began producing a modification of the Moscow ZIL-135 L: ZIL-135LM, with a manual gearbox, recycled by the BAZ-135MB, 135MBK. These four-axle machines differed in the characteristic location of the axes - the middle ones are close together, the front and rear are spaced and controlled.

In the mid-1960s, a design for triaxial four-wheel drive chassis was started at the design bureau of the plant. In the work used the groundwork and design principles taken from cars ZIL, such as onboard transmission and extreme steered wheels. The result of the design was the rear axle BAZ-5937 /5938/5939 family of three-axle chassis, which became the basis of the centrally located BAZ-5921 /5922 SAM systems , on which the Tochka missile system was based.

Since March 1971, at the request of the Ministry of Defense, the design bureau of the plant began designing a new series of unified four-axle chassis, which was named “Basis”. As part of this development, several models of floating and land chassis were created, which are widely used. This series is distinguished by the pairwise grouping of axles, the front pair is controlled. In the design of the cars produced, more and more deviations from the original ZIL arrangements were introduced. One of the most important stages of this process was the transition from the twin-engine to single-engine scheme using diesel engines. For the creation of this family of chassis, the design bureau under the leadership of Yurin Ivan Lyudvigovich was awarded the State Prize.

In parallel with military products, industrial tracked tractors were designed and manufactured for the needs of the national economy, and later for the installation of pipe-laying equipment in the oil and gas sector. In the first half of the 1980s, a new arms race began. In Moscow, it was decided to discontinue production of tracked tractors at BAZ and to repurpose the released capacity for military production. In 1987, by the decision of the USSR Ministry of Automotive Industry, the production of tracked tractors was officially discontinued. In the next 10 years, the plant continued to produce spare parts for them for repair and maintenance needs (unofficially, production of tractors at the BAZ continued for another five years, according to the “direct” contracts concluded with consumers) ^{[3] [4]} .

In the same 1987, production of military products was discontinued due to the need for the Soviet Union to fulfill its obligations under the treaty between the USSR and the USA on the elimination of medium and shorter-range missiles .

In 1988–1989, in the conditions of the cessation of military output at BAZ, options for the conversion of production began to be considered. The DE-242 Viyuga snow plow was designed and put into production on a special BAZ-3979 wheeled chassis ^[5] . DE-242 could be equipped with three types of attachments: a brush, shovel or cutter. Produced from 1993 to 1997.

In 1993, the Bryansk Automobile Plant was transferred to the production of Kiaz-3237 (originally it was planned to be assembled at the Kirovabad Automobile Plant in Azerbaijan), the model was modernized and renamed BAZ-3783. The project, which involved the release of 1.5-ton all-metal delivery vans of the BAZ-3783 family, was considered very promising. The semi-structured layout of the machine meant the rational use of internal space. Cargo operations facilitated a small loading height and doors - wide sliding on the right and rear swing. 92 hp petrol engine clocked up the van to 100 km / h. Created various modifications: police, fire and others. But there were not enough funds to purchase technological equipment, and parts and assemblies manufactured on their own universal machine park turned out to be too expensive. Some time later, after GAZ established the large-scale production of GAZ-2705 vans at the end of 1995, the work finally stopped. In total, collected less than a hundred BAZ-3783. ^[6]

In the 2000s, the BAZ civilian product range was expanded to include the four-axle crane chassis and high-capacity truck-mounted tractor series based on the BAZ-6403 and BAZ-6909 models. The most famous military products of this period were the BAZ-64022 truck tractors used in the S -400 Triumph air defense system.

• The BTR-152B1 (1958-1962) ^[7] .
• ZIL-485A (1958-1962).
• BAZ-930 .
• ZIL-135LM (1964–1994).
• ZIL-375 on the chassis BAZ-135LM
• BAZ-E135G on the chassis BAZ-135M ^[8] .
• BAZ-135L2
• BAZ-135MB (1965–1996).
• the BAZ-5937 (1969–1990) and BAZ-5921 (1971–1990) three-axle amphibians.
• "Basis" / "Voshchina".
• BAZ 6009, 60091 on the basis of a road train transport vehicle 9T238 missile complex "Tochka-U".
• Auto train 60091 with ZIL-4401 tractor and BAZ-99511 semi-trailer with imitation of a 9T240 machine (1983).
  • BAZ-6944 four-axle amphibians (1979-1989) and their non -swimming modifications BAZ-6948 (1986-1989).
  • BAZ-6950 /69501/69502/69506 (1976-1999).
• BAZ-6953 .

Tractor manufacturing

• The tractor T-140 (1958-1965).
• D-804 tractor
• D-804M tractor
• T-180 tractor
• Tractor T-180G
• D-804MHLK tractor
• D-804MS tractor
• Tractor D-804GP
• Snowstorm DE-242 "Blizzard"

Modern civilian products

Vans

• BAZ-3783 - 1.5-ton all-metal delivery van.

Crane chassis

• biaxial BAZ-8027 - under the 32-ton crane.
• three - axis BAZ-8029 - under the 25-ton crane of the Ivanovo truck crane plant .
• four-axle BAZ-6909.8 - for a 50-ton crane for working with dangerous goods.
• five - axis KSH-8973 - for a 100-ton crane KS-8973.

Tractors

• Truck tractor BAZ-6403 .
• Trubovoz as a part of the BAZ-64031 tractor with the BAZ-9049 trailer.
• Truck tractor of high passability of BAZ-64022 .

Special chassis

• Three - axle BAZ-69095 - up to 14.7 tons.
• Four -axis BAZ-690902 - up to 22 tons.
• Five - axle BAZ-69096 - up to 33 tons.
• The six- axis BAZ-69099 - up to 40 tons.

Civil vehicles BAZ are used in the oil and construction industries as part of mobile drilling and repair facilities, as well as tank trucks, cranes, pumping and cementing plants.

• Likhachev Plant
• Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant
• Kremenchug Automobile Plant
• Kurgan Wheel Tractor Plant
• Oshkosh

• Kochnev E. D. Secret cars of the Soviet Army. - M .: Yauza, Eksmo, 2011. - P. 608. - (War of Motors). - 3000 copies - ISBN 978-5-699-50821-1 .

•   Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bryansk Automobile Plant
•   Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cars BAZ
• Official site
• BAZ / BZKT (inaccessible link from 14-06-2016 [1143 days]) in the Encyclopedia of freight transport. - 2nd ed., Pererab. and add. - M .: LLC "Publishing" Behind the wheel "", 2008.
• Bryansk Automobile Plant: 50 years in the ranks // Bryansk.ru, 4.06.2008
• Bryansk Automobile Plant celebrates its 50th anniversary (Neopr.) (Inaccessible link) . arms-expo.ru (Weapons of Russia) (June 4, 2008). The date of circulation is June 1, 2016. Archived May 16, 2012.
• Alexander Privalov. The only domestic manufacturer of military SKShT ( Neopr .) . auto-server.ru (April 29, 2010). The appeal date is October 17, 2011. Archived May 16, 2012.
• The legendary 135th: the evolution of the Bryansk rocket launchers BAZ // "WHEELS", June 2016

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