Danilovka (Penza region)

The village is located 30 km southwest of the district center of the village of Lopatino , on both sides of the Chardym river, the left tributary of the Uza .

The village was founded in the late XVII - early XVIII centuries by serving people of the city of Petrovsk ; in 1711 a church was built in the name of Dmitry Solunsky, in 1797 a new one was built. Then it was in the hands of the landowner. According to legend, Peter I after the war with the Swedes sent 12 companies of one regiment to Saratov . Eleven founded Petrovsk , and the 12th under the leadership of Danilov - the village. The census materials (1725) on the Simbirsk district in Danilovka, indeed, show several families of arable soldiers. In 1745, the village of Dmitrievskoye ( Danilovka ), Colonel V.R. Danilov. In 1748, the village of Dmitrievskoye of the Uzinsky camp of Penza district, captain Maxim Vasilievich Danilov (79 revision souls) and foreman, Prince Pyotr Vasilievich Obolensky (291), a total of 370 revision souls (RGADA, f.350, op.2, f. 2543) . By this time, arable soldiers (descendants of service people) were probably transferred to a new duty station (possibly on the Tsaritsyn line in 1720).

On the map of Petrovsky district in 1783 - the village of Dmitrievka ( Chardym , Danilovka ). In 1795, the village of Dmitrievskoye ( Chardym , Danilovka ) was shown behind the lieutenant colonel, Prince Nikolai Petrovich Obolensky and second lieutenant Nikolai Alexandrovich Usov, they have 180 yards, 718 revision souls (RGVIA, f. VUA, d.No 19014, Petr. U., No. 46 ) In the late 1790s, one half of the village of Dmitrievsky ( Chardym , Danilovka ) belonged to Lieutenant N. A. Usov (probably by inheritance or as a dowry from the Danilovs), the other belonged to Prince I.P. Obolensky, and after him, apparently Count Tolstoy (who, according to legend, brought here peasants from the village of Sechenka near Moscow), then - to Unkovsky and the Duke of Leuchtenberg. In 1774, Danilovka was in the zone of operation of the units of E.I. Pugachev . According to legend, at Calabardin's pond (2 miles from the village), the rebels hanged the landowner Kalabardikha and her three daughters. Around 1850, on the map of F.F. Schubert, the distillery is shown on the southern outskirts of the village on the left bank of the Chunak River at its confluence with Chardym. To the north-west of the plant, through the ravine, was the "manor's yard".

In 1858, the landowners showed Unkovsky and Usov. In 1871, at the expense of the landowner Unkovsky, a new church was built, next to it was a chapel. In 1877 - the center of the Danilov volost of the Petrovsky district of the Saratov province , 397 courtyards, a church, a chapel, a school, 2 shops, 3 inns, 7 windmills, a distillery in 2 versts. In 1889, out of 497 families in the village, 40 were prosperous, 100 were medium-sized, the rest were poor; there are only two gardens in the village; tree planting in the streets was carried out forcibly for fire safety purposes; “Orthodox” (“Greek law”) - 212 souls, Old Believers of the Pomeranian sect - 1000 souls, they have their own house of worship (from the Medical and topographical description of the village of Danilovka: “SGV”, N.ch., 1889, No. 56).

In 1910, there were 630 houses in the village, of which 120 were covered with iron, the rest with straw and straw with clay; 6078 inhabitants. There were 2 peasant societies - Count and Usov. The ends of the village were called (1910): Umet, Zavrag (behind the ravine), Yaik, Vyatka, Butyrovka, Usovka, Golivka, Balduevka. In 1906, the landowner savings of the brothers Alexei and Sergey Sergeyevich Usov, as well as the Duke of Leuchtenberg, were in the village. Moreover, the duke had 2 distilleries and 1 distillation plant, they employed up to 250 workers, as well as a steam mill and a garden of 500 apple trees; the Usovs have 1 distillery (spirit) plant and a garden of 200 apple trees.

In 1914, Danilov peasants had 379 horses, 280 cows, 150 sheep, 5 forges, a sheepskin factory, 4 windmills, an oil mill, and 1 inn. In the village there are 7 shops, 1 beer shop. In the late 1880s, a zemstvo hospital was built in the center of the village. The main craft of the peasants is the tailor and carpentry. During the Stolypin reform, up to 25 peasant settlements, from 5 to 10 yards, were formed near Danilovka . Before the revolution, there were 2 schools - zemstvo and parish, literate in the village of 1900 people. In those same years, there was a chapel built on the site where "an icon with the image of the Mother of God came out of the earth", and in the village church at that time "a candle lit up by itself." In 1897, 822 Old Believers of Pomeranian consent lived in the village. In 1911-510 courtyards, an Orthodox church, a single-faith church, a zemstvo school, a hospital, a veterinary station, and a post office. In 1914, the estate of the Duke of Leuchtenberg (1 house, 262 inhabitants) and Usov's estate on the Chardym River (1 house, 61 inhabitants), two peasant societies were shown at the village.

In 1910, the Petrovskoye (named after Petrovsky Uyezd ) pilot field was organized with the agronomist G. Kh. Bekhov at the head. In the mid-1920s, it turned into a small research organization with a staff of 15-20 people. In 1928, the experimental field was transformed into the Petrovsky Agricultural Experimental Station. From 1922 to 1994, the station bred 56 new varieties of various crops. In 1992, the station was transformed into a diversified economy, the Petrovskoye research and production association with 29,867 hectares of land, including 24,387 hectares of arable land.

On February 13, 1918, Soviet power was established in the Danilov volost . At the end of March 1921, the Don Cossacks rebelled under the leadership of the Socialist Revolutionaries against the Bolsheviks — a detachment of 3,000 bayonets and sabers (commander Fedor Popova, awarded the Order of the Red Banner for his services to the revolution). Local Bolsheviks, Komsomol members, teachers, non-partisan Soviet activists were shot.

From January 18, 1935 to September 30, 1958 - the center of the Danilovsky district as part of the Saratov region (since 1939 - as part of the Penza region ).

In 1937, in the village were the central estates of the pig farm, collective farms named after the 12th anniversary of the October Revolution, “Stalinets”, a distillery, and the Duga artel were operating. 1955 in the village, the central estates of the Khrushchev collective farm and the Danilovsky state farm. In 1956, there were 17 thousand inhabitants, 16 collective farms, a state farm, 3 machine and tractor stations, a distillery, an oil factory, 33 schools, 38 cultural institutions, 2 hospitals, 14 feldsher-obstetric centers, and a collective farm maternity hospital. The leading agricultural enterprise is Danilovsky State Farm. In the 1980s - the central estate of the same state farm.

The dynamics of the population of the village:

In the summer of 1897, as well as in June-September 1898, the 17-18-year-old writer Boris Bugaev (Andrei Bely) lived in the Usovs estate, here he showed interest in the philosophy and aesthetics of A. Schopenhauer, poems and lyrical passages in prose were written.

In the early 1900s. In Danilovka, an orphan girl, the future singer Lidia Andreevna Ruslanova lived with her mother’s grandmother, from where she ended up in the Saratov orphanage.

In 1916, the future academician of VASKHNIL, a specialist in the field of genetics and plant breeding, Grigory Vladimirovich Gulyaev, was born in Danilovka.

In 1942, Anatoly Alexandrovich Vasiliev was born here - a Soviet and Russian theater director, teacher, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation, creator of the School of Dramatic Art.

• On the site "Penza region: cities, towns, people"
• On the portal "Suslon"