Keno is a numerical lottery and one of the oldest known games. It involves 80 numbered balls, and a game sheet, on which the player must mark from 1 to 20 numbers. The winning combination consists of 20 numbers. The more numbers the player has matched, the greater is his winnings.
Content
History
The word "keno" has French ( fr. Quine - "five winning numbers") and Latin roots ( lat. Quini - "every fifth"). However, the game was known in ancient China . According to legend, the lottery owes its appearance to Emperor Chung Leung ( Cheung Leung ). [1] His rule was marked by protracted wars, as a result of which the state treasury became empty. It was decided to correct the financial situation by holding a lottery. Financial deductions from the game were so high that they not only replenished the treasury, but also helped the emperor to gather an army and win in a long-term war. Subsequently, with funds collected from the lottery, the construction of the Great Wall of China was financed. [one]
The game came to the West only in the second half of the XIX century, together with the Chinese settlers. [one]
The original Chinese "Keno" uses a table of 80 non-repeating hieroglyphs from "Thousands" .
Keno in Russia
In 2013, the KENO-Sportloto lottery was launched [2] . 80 balls (from 1 to 80) participate in the draw. The winning combination consists of 20 numbers. Part of the funds raised from holding KENO-Sportloto were sent to finance the XXII Olympic Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games in Sochi .
Probability of Winning
The winnings of the participants depend on how many numbers he chose and how many of them coincided with the combination of draws. Usually the more numbers were chosen and the more guessed - the larger the gain. A player's ability to guess the full 20-digit combination is estimated to be 1 to 3.5 quintillion (1 to 3 535 316 142 212 174 336 ). To date, there have been no reports that 20 numbers have been guessed by anyone. However, there is a chance to win, even if a person has guessed 0, 1, 2, 3 or 10 numbers out of 20. The approximate probability of guessing from 0 to 20 numbers in a drawing is shown in the table below.
The table shows the probability of guessing a given number of numbers, noting 20. For example, noting 20 numbers, guessing only 1 probability is not 25%, you forget about 19 numbers that you did not guess.
| match 0 | one | 2 | 3 | four | five | 6 | 7 | eight | 9 | ten | 11 to 15 | |
| pick 1 | 75.0% | 25.0% | ||||||||||
| 2 | 56.0% | 38.0% | 6.0% | |||||||||
| 3 | 41.6% | 43.1% | 13.9% | 1.4% | ||||||||
| four | 30.8% | 43.3% | 21.3% | 4.3% | 0.3% | |||||||
| five | 22.7% | 40.6% | 27.0% | 8.4% | 1.2% | 0.1% | ||||||
| 6 | 16.7% | 36.3% | 30.8% | 13.0% | 2.9% | 0.3% | <0.1% | |||||
| 7 | 12.1% | 31.5% | 32.7% | 17.5% | 5.2% | 0.9% | 0.1% | * 0.1% | ||||
| eight | 8.8% | 26.6% | 32.8% | 21.5% | 8.2% | 1.8% | 0.2% | <0.1% | * 0.1% | |||
| 9 | 6.4% | 22.1% | 31.6% | 24.6% | 11.4% | 3.3% | 0.6% | <0.1% | * 0.1% | * 0.1% | ||
| ten | 4.6% | 18.0% | 29.5% | 26.7% | 14.7% | 5.1% | 1.1% | 0.2% | <0.1% | * 0.1% | * 0.1% | |
| eleven | 3.3% | 14.4% | 26.8% | 27.8% | 17.8% | 7.4% | 2.0% | 0.4% | <0.1% | * 0.1% | * 0.1% | * 0.1% |
| 12 | 2.3% | 11.4% | 23.8% | 28.0% | 20.6% | 9.9% | 3.2% | 0.7% | 0.1% | * 0.1% | * 0.1% | * 0.1% |
| 13 | 1.6% | 8.9% | 20.7% | 27.3% | 22.7% | 12.6% | 4.8% | 1.2% | 0.2% | <0.1% | * 0.1% | * 0.1% |
| 14 | 1.1% | 6.8% | 17.6% | 25.9% | 24.2% | 15.2% | 6.6% | 2.0% | 0.4% | <0.1% | * 0.1% | * 0.1% |
| 15 | 0.8% | 5.2% | 14.8% | 24.0% | 25.0% | 17.6% | 8.7% | 3.0% | 0.7% | 0.1% | <0.1% | * 0.1% |
The table below shows the probabilities of guessing the number of numbers when using 20 numbers in the variant
and the following table is not suitable for determining the probability of coincidence, for example, 2 out of 3 in keno 20 out of 80
| Numbers | Probability |
|---|---|
| 0 | 1 to 843.380 (0.11857057%) |
| one | 1 to 86.446 (1.15678605%) |
| 2 | 1 to 20.115 (4.97142576%) |
| 3 | 1 to 8.009 (12.48637168%) |
| four | 1 to 4.877 (20.50318987%) |
| five | 1 to 4.287 (23.32807380%) |
| 6 | 1 to 5.258 (19.01745147%) |
| 7 | 1 to 8.826 (11.32954556%) |
| eight | 1 to 20.055 (4.98618021%) |
| 9 | 1 to 61.420 (1.62814048%) |
| ten | 1 to 253.801 (0.39401000%) |
| eleven | 1 to 1 423.822 (0.07023351%) |
| 12 | 1 to 10 968.701 (0.00911685%) |
| 13 | 1 to 118 084.920 (0.00084685%) |
| 14 | 1 to 1 821 881.628 (0.00005489%) |
| 15 | 1 to 41 751 453.986 (0.00000240%) |
| sixteen | 1 to 1 496 372 110.872 (0.00000007%) |
| 17 | 1 to 90 624 035 964.712 |
| 18 | 1 to 10 512 388 171 906.553 |
| nineteen | 1 to 2 946 096 785 176 811.5 |
| 20 | 1 to 3 535 316 142 212 173 800 |
Calculated based on the number of marked numbers in the ticket.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 History of Keno (not available link) . ViolaFair.com . The appeal date is April 16, 2018. Archived August 30, 2005.
- ↑ What is KENO-Sportloto?
3. Detailed information about keno rules