Jalal-ad-Din Miran Shah ( 1366 - 1408 ), the third son of Timur , the governor of Khorasan in 1380 - 1399 . The mother of Miran Shah was Menglibek Jan Qurbani. [one]
| Miran Shah | |||||||
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| Birth | 1366 | ||||||
| Death | April 21, 1408 Tabriz | ||||||
| Burial place | Gur Emir , Samarkand , Uzbekistan | ||||||
| Rod | Timurids | ||||||
| Father | Timur | ||||||
| Mother | Menglibek Jan Qurbani | ||||||
| Spouse | Ak-Sufi Sevin Bek (Khanzade), Daulat Geldi, Urun Sultan | ||||||
| Children | Abu Bakr Mirzo, Omar Mirzo, Khalil-Sultan , Suyurgatmysh Mirzo, Ayal Mirzo, Mumamed Sultan, Firuza run, Aga run, Bikisi Sultan, Idzhil, Mohammed Timur, Said Ahmed | ||||||
Content
Youth
In 1380 , at the age of fourteen, Miran Shah took part in the campaign on the Khorosan for the first time. [1] It was then that his contemporaries began to respond as a valiant warrior, despite his young age. In 1376 , after the death of his brother Jahangir , Miran Shah marries the granddaughter of Uzbek Khan, Khanzade, and run [1] , who becomes his main wife. Also his wives were Daulat Geldi, daughter of Paylad Sultan from the Barlas tribe and Urun Sultan, daughter of Suyurgatmish Khan. In 1383 Timur appointed Miran Shah ruler of Khorasan .
Subsequent years
In 1392, during the five-year campaign, Miran Shah was appointed ruler of the Transcaucasus, and in 1393 Timur appointed 27-year-old Miranshah governor in northern Iran and Iraq . [1] The center of the governorship was the city of Sultania in northern Iran.
The tragic fall from a horse in the fall of 1396 had a negative effect on the health of Miran Shah. Damage while falling head and face. Skillful doctors and surgeons did everything possible and restored his physical health, but his mind remained clouded (literally, “the fog enveloped the balanced center of his consciousness”) [2]
In 1400 , during the "seven-year campaign," unrest began in the area ruled by Miran Shah, and Timur deposed his son, suppressed unrest and defeated the enemies invading his possessions.
Throughout his life, Miran Shah took part in almost all Timur's campaigns. It is known that he was an active politician and until 1400 enjoyed the confidence of his father.
In 1403, he hosted the Spanish ambassador, Rui Gonzales de Clavijo . [3]
Clavijo saw Miran Shah in Sultania and describes a meeting with him as follows:
On Thursday, the twenty-sixth of June, at noon, we arrived in the big city of Soltania, and there they found Miah Miras (Miranshah), Tamurbek's eldest son. The next day, on Friday, in the morning we went to this Mirah Mirassa. And since it is accepted from them, if someone comes to give presents, the envoys took different things with them: cloth and woolen clothes, which they greatly appreciate, other [items] - and [all this] was taken to this Miaha Mirassa. They found him in a palace, where a large garden was nearby and where there were many armed people. He received them very well, invited him to his tent, where he sat, and asked about the health of the king [of Castile], our liege. After talking for a while, [the envoys] went to feast, and they ate according to their custom, and when they were about to leave, [Miraha Mirassa] ordered them to be dressed in a dress made of stone. [4]
In 1405, after the death of Timur, the son of Miran Shah, Khalil-Sultan, seized power in Maverannahr.
Death
After Timur’s death, the eldest son Miran Shah, Abu Bakr Mirza, read a Khutub and minted coins with the name of his father. Miran Shah himself lived mainly in Tabriz , and Mirza Abu Bakr continued all the affairs of the supreme power. 24 of the month of Dhu-kaad, 810 ( April 21, 1408 ) he was killed in a battle with the troops of the Kara-Koyunlu dynasty led by Kara Yusuf in the outskirts of Tabriz .
He was buried in the Timurid family tomb in Gur Emir in Samarkand .
Children and descendants
Miranshah had eight sons: Sultan Mohammed, Suyurgatmish, Ijil, Khalil-Sultan , Umar, Abu Bakr, Mohammed Timur, Said Ahmed and several daughters. [5] His grandson Abu-Seid , the son of Sultan Mohammed, led the Timurid state in Maverannahr in 1451 . A descendant of Miran Shah, Zahir ad-Din Muhammad Babur became the founder of the state in India (1526-1858) [6] .
Miran Shah's Ring
In 1885, the orientalist N. Veselovsky acquired a dated ring with the name Miran Shah in Samarkand . The main part of the Miran Shah's ring is an inset, made of almond-shaped emerald, all covered with an inscription. The stone is enclosed in a gold setting. The inscription on the Miran Shah's ring contains the following text: “Emir El-Umr of Azerbaidzhan Mirza Miran Shah, Son of the Emir of Sahib-Kyran, Emir of Timur Gurkan, 802 (AH)” (1399-1400) [7] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Fayziev T., Temuriylar shazarasi. Tashkent, 1995, p. 165
- ↑ Akbar-name
- ↑ Fayziev T., Temuriylar shazharasi. Tashkent, 1995, p.169
- ↑ Rui González de Clavijo. Diary of travel to Samarkand to the court of Timur (1403-1406). M. Science. 1990, p.79
- ↑ Mu'izz al-ansab (Glorifying Genealogy). Introduction, translation from Persian, notes, preparation of facsimiles for publication by Sh. Kh. Vakhidov. // History of Kazakhstan in Persian sources. V.3. Almaty: Dayk-Press, 2006, pp.141-142
- ↑ Baber // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 t.] / Ed. VF Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-islands I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- ↑ Signet seal of Miran Shah Mirza, son of Tamerlan (Inaccessible link) . Perstni.com . The date of circulation is September 11, 2011. Archived November 12, 2011.
Literature
- Bartold V.V. Works. T. II. Part 2. M., 1964.
- Stanley Lan-Pul . "Muslim dynasties". Oriental Literature Publishing Company of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Muravei Publishing Group, translated from English with notes by V. V. Barthold, 2004.
- Hilda Huckham "The ruler of the seven constellations" 1995, Tashkent, publishing house "Adolat".
- “Timur's Code” Gafur Gulyam Publishing House of Literature and Art, Tashkent. Translated from Persian by Hamidulla Karamatov, edited by B. Akhmedov, author of the preface, notes and comments B. Akhmedov. 1999
- Women in Iran from the Rise of Islam to 1800, edited by Guity Nashat, Lois Beck
- The State Under Timur: a study in empire building, Syed Jamaluddin - 1995–191 pages, Page 41
- Women in the Medieval Islamic World, edited by Gavin RG Hambly