Phlox ( lat. Phlox ) is a genus of flowering herbaceous plants of the family Sinukhovye ( Polemoniaceae ). Includes about 85 species . In culture - about 40 species; in Europe, some of them were introduced into culture as early as the middle of the eighteenth century.
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Phlox L. (1753) | |||||||||||||||||||
Translated from the Greek φλόξ means "flame". This name was given to this genus in 1737 by Charles Linnaeus , apparently for the bright red flowers of some wild tall phloxes.
Spread
Most species are perennial and annual plants and shrubs , distributed mainly in North America . Only one wild-growing species grows on the territory of Russia - Siberian Phlox ( Phlox sibirica ), mountain plant.
Botanical description
Most species of phlox are perennials , some species are annuals , for example, the widely cultivated Phlox drummondii .
Stems erect, ascending or creeping, from 10–20 cm to 120–150 cm tall.
The leaves are entire, sessile, opposite, lanceolate , ovate-lanceolate, ovate-elongated.
The flowers are tubular-funnel-shaped, fragrant, small in size (no more than 3-4 cm in diameter), but there can be up to 90 of them in the inflorescence. There are five petals , they are bent at a right or almost right angle to the tube, forming a flat corolla of various shapes - wheel-shaped, star-shaped, pitted, deeply dissected, saucer-shaped, etc. The flower has one pistil and five stamens . The color of the corolla is very different - from pure white and white with eyes, strokes, dots, shadows to raspberry-red-purple and dark purple-violet. The flowers are usually collected in complex inflorescences that are located at the ends of the shoots - thyrsa [2] (that is, the main axes of the inflorescences grow monopodially , and the lateral inflorescences extending from the main axis - sympodially ).
The fruit is an oval box . One gram of seeds contains from 70 pieces in perennial species and up to 550 pieces in annuals.
Types
According to The Plant List , the genus includes 85 species [3] :
- Phlox aculeata A.Nelson
- Phlox acuminata pursh
- Phlox adsurgens Torr. ex A.Gray - Phlox ascending
- Phlox alaskensis jordal
- Phlox albomarginata mejones
- Phlox alyssifolia greene
- Phlox amabilis brand
- Phlox amoena Sims - Phlox pleasant
- Britton Phlox amplifolia
- Phlox andicola ( Britton ) EENelson
- Phlox austromontana coville
- Phlox azurea Glad.L.Sm.
- Phlox bifida LCBeck - Phlox split
- Phlox bryoides nutt. - Phlox moss
- Phlox buckleyi wherry
- Phlox caespitosa nutt.
- Phlox canescens Torr. & A.Gray
- Phlox carolina L. - Phlox Caroline
- Phlox caryophylla wherry
- Phlox cluteana A.Nelson
- Phlox colubrina Wherry & Constance
- Phlox condensata ( A.Gray ) EENelson
- Phlox covillei eenelson
- Phlox cuspidata scheele
- Phlox diffusa benth.
- Phlox dispersa Sharsm.
- Phlox divaricata L. - Phlox Splayed
- Phlox dolichantha A.Gray
- Phlox douglasii Hook. - Phlox Douglas
- Phlox drummondii Hook. - Phlox Drummond
- Phlox floridana benth. - Phlox Florida
- Phlox glaberrima L. - Phlox smooth
- Phlox glabriflora whiteh.
- Phlox gladiformis ( MEJones ) EENelson
- Phlox glutinosa buckley
- Phlox grahamii wherry
- Phlox grayi Wooton & Standl. - Phlox Gray
- Phlox griseola wherry
- Phlox hendersonii ( EENelson ) Cronquist
- Phlox hentzii nutt .
- Phlox hirsuta eenelson
- Phlox hoodii Richardson - Phlox Hood
- Phlox idahonis wherry
- Phlox jonesii wherry
- Phlox kelseyi britton
- Phlox lanata piper
- Phlox lighthipei small
- Phlox linearifolia ( Hook. ) A.Gray
- Phlox longifolia nutt.
- Phlox longipilosa Waterf.
- Phlox lutescens ( SLWelsh ) SLWelsh
- Phlox maculata L. - Spotted phlox , or mottled phlox
- Phlox mesoleuca greene
- Phlox mollis wherry
- Phlox multiflora A.Nelson - Multi-flowered phlox
- Phlox muscoides nutt.
- Phlox nana nutt. - Phlox dwarf
- Phlox nivalis Lodd. - Phlox snow
- Phlox oklahomensis Wherry - Phlox Oklahoma
- Phlox ovata L. - Phlox oval
- Phlox paniculata L. - Phlox paniculata
- Phlox pattersonii prather
- Phlox peckii wherry
- Phlox pilosa L. - Phlox hairy
- Phlox pulcherrima ( lundell ) lundell
- Phlox pulvinata ( Wherry ) Cronquist
- Phlox pungens dorn
- Phlox richardsonii Hook. - Phlox Richardson
- Phlox roemeriana scheele
- Phlox sibirica L. - Siberian phlox
- Phlox speciosa Pursh - Phlox Special
- Phlox stansburyi ( Torr. ) A.Heller
- Phlox stolonifera Sims - Phlox Sprawling
- Phlox subulata L. - Phlox styloid
- Phlox suksdorfii ( Brand ) H.St.John
- Phlox superba brand
- Phlox tenuifolia eenelson
- Phlox tenuis ( A.Gray ) EENelson
- Phlox texensis ( Lundell ) Lundell
- Phlox triovulata Thurb. ex Torr.
- Phlox tumulosa wherry
- Phlox viridis eenelson
- Phlox viscida eenelson
- Phlox walteri ( A.Gray ) Chapm.
- Phlox woodhousei ( A.Gray ) EENelson - Woodhouse
Garden classification
Perennial phloxes used in ornamental horticulture are descended from wild species and their hybrids . Biological and botanical features of phlox, as well as their appearance are very diverse and differ even within the species.
There are several botanical systems of phlox classification, but they are all quite complex. For practical use in landscape construction using a very simple classification of perennial phloxes proposed by P. G. Gaganov .
According to the morphological features, that is, the features of the structure, all species are divided into three groups - shrub, creeping and ryhlodern (intermediate group) phlox. Spray phlox, in turn, are divided into two subgroups - short and tall.
Varieties
Notes
- ↑ About the conditionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the section “APG Systems” of the article “Dicotyledons” .
- ↑ Poletiko, 1977 .
- ↑ Phlox (English) . The Plant List . Version 1.1. (2013). The appeal date is September 7, 2016.
Literature
- P. Gaganov. Phloxes are perennial . - 2nd ed., Pererab. - M .: Selkhoizdat, 1963. - 208 p. - 45 000 copies
- Golovkin, B.N., et al. Ornamental plants of the USSR. - M .: Thought, 1986. - p. 229-232.
- Dyakova G. M. Floksa. - M .: Kladez-Buks, 2006. - 96 p. - ISBN 5-93395-125-0 .
- Konstantinova E. A. Floks. - M .: Fiton +, 2002. - 192 p. - ISBN 5-93457-051-X .
- Martynova M. Phlox Siberian in Khakassia // Floriculture: Journal. - 2009. - May — June. - № 3 . - p . 10-11 .
- Phlox / O. M. Poletiko // Ulyanovsk - Frankfort. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1977. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. Ed. AM Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, v. 27).
- Udintseva S. M. Perennial phloxes // Introduction and methods of culture of flower and ornamental plants . - M .: Science, 1997. - 168 p.
- Matveev I.V. Introduction of rykhlodernovy phlox in the botanical garden of Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosava (territory on the Sparrow Hills) // Tsvetovodostvo: history, theory, practice: Proceedings of the VII International Scientific Conference. - Minsk: Konfido, 2016.
Links
- Phlox // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Russian Society of Phlox Lovers (ROLF)
- Selection of articles and books about phloxes on the site Rozovodik.ru
- Dorokhova EM. The best varieties of phlox of domestic selection . KC Green line. The appeal date is September 16, 2013.
- Voronina S. Phlox Guide