Institute of Physics and Energy

The Institute was founded on May 31, 1946 ^[3] by order of the Council of People 's Commissars of the USSR of December 19, 1945 No. 3117-937cc as Laboratory "B". The aim of the institute was the development of nuclear reactors . The Institute’s employees built the world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk (commissioned on June 26, 1954). ^[four]

• 1946 - 1960 - Laboratory "B"
• 1960 - 1994 - Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE)
• 1994 - 1996 - State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation - Institute of Physics and Energy (SSC RF - IPPE)
• 1996 - present - State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation - Institute of Physics and Power named after A.I. Leipunsky (SSC RF - IPPE named after A.I. Leipunsky)

Laboratory “B” and Object “B”

Before the formation of the city ​​of Obninsk in 1956, there were two official names: Laboratory “B” and Object “B”. Laboratory “B” (the institute proper, consisting of scientific departments and laboratories) was part of Object “B”, which included all auxiliary, auxiliary, economic and other services in addition to the institute. ^[5]

During its existence, the Institute has developed over 120 various projects ^[1] , including:

• fast neutron reactors BR-1 , BR-2 , BR-5 , BR-10 ;
• BOR-60 reactor at NIIAR ( Dimitrovgrad );
• BN-350 reactor for nuclear power plants in Aktau ( Kazakhstan );
• BN-600 reactor for Beloyarsk NPP ;
• space nuclear power plants "Buk" and "Topaz" ;
• reactor installations for nuclear submarines with lead-bismuth coolant.

• Institute of Nuclear Physics Problems of Energy
• Institute of Nuclear Reactors and Thermophysics
• Institute of Radiation Materials Science and Technology
• Institute of Special Systems
• Institute of Innovative Technologies
• Nuclear safety department

The largest accident in the entire existence of the Physics and Power Engineering Institute (then Laboratory B) and the Obninsk NPP (then still non-existent) occurred in 1954: as a result of an uncontrolled chain reaction during critical assembly studies at a very low-power nuclear reactor , flash of radioactive radiation . The consequences of the accident were eliminated in two days under the leadership of Oleg Kazachkovsky . During this accident, not a single radioactive release to the atmosphere occurred, and not a single person was killed. Ten re-irradiated experimenters returned to work after a ten-day examination. One of them, Alexander Malyshev, who took the main radiation attack, had his hand amputated ^[6] .

• On July 29, 1966, by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR for the successful implementation of the plans of 1959-1965, the creation and production of new types of equipment, the Physics and Energy Institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor .
• In 1971, the creation of an IDB installation at the Physics and Energy Institute was awarded the USSR State Prize .
• On June 7, 1984, by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Physics and Energy Institute was awarded the Order of the October Revolution .

1. 1946 - 1947 - Leonid Sergeyevich Buyanov (1911-1965)
2. 1947 - 1950 - Peter Ivanovich Zakharov (1907-1965)
3. 1950 - 1956 - Dmitry Ivanovich Blokhintsev (1908-1979)
4. 1956 - 1960 - Andrei Kapitonovich Krasin (1911-1981)
5. 1960 - 1968 - Mikhail Petrovich Rodionov (1904-1976)
6. 1968 - 1973 - Vyacheslav Alekseevich Kuznetsov (1923-1996)
7. 1973 - 1987 - Oleg Dmitrievich Kazachkovsky (1915—2014)
8. 1987 - 1992 - Mikhail Fedotovich Troyanov (1931-2017)
9. 1992 - 1995 - Victor Mikhailovich Murogov (b. 1938)
10. 1996 - 2010 - Anatoly Vasilievich Zrodnikov (b. 1944)
11. 2010 - 2012 - Valery Ivanovich Rachkov (b. 1947)
12. 2012 - 2013 - Sergey Georgievich Kalyakin (b. 1963) (acting)
13. 2013 - present - Andrey Alexandrovich Goverdovsky (b. 1959)

See Category: Institute of Physics and Energy

• The new director with old problems // New environment +. - January 28, 2010 .
• Kolotilina E. V. I. Rachkov: “The IPPE has a glorious past, a stable present and a great future” // Obninsky Bulletin. - February 16, 2010 .
• Kolotilina E. Presented a new guide // Obninsk . - No. 11 (3255). - 2010. - February.
• Valery Rachkov: IPPE will cope with the task // AtomInfo.Ru. - June 28, 2011 .

7.Alexey Melnikov. "Obninsk Martians." "The Trinity Option - Science", # 262. http://trv-science.ru/2018/09/11/obninskie-marsiane/

8. Alexey Melnikov, "Fast neutrons of Alexander Leipunsky." Scientific and Cultural Journal Relga, http://www.relga.ru/Environ/WebObjects/tgu-www.woa/wa/Main?textid=5761&level1=main&level2=articles

• Official site
• Institute of Physics and Power named after A.I. Leipunsky in the city of Obninsk // HAYK Obninsk