HMS Anson (1781) - 64-gun battleship of the 3rd rank of the Royal Navy of Great Britain . Ordered on April 24, 1773 . Launched on September 4, 1781 at the royal shipyard in Plymouth [1] . Belonged to the Intrepid type of Sir John Williams [1] .
| Hms anson | |
|---|---|
| Hms anson | |
 HMS Anson and HMS Arethusa : capture of the Spanish frigate Pomona | |
| Service | |
 Great Britain | |
| Class and type of vessel | battleship |
| Type of sailing weapon | three mast ship |
| Organization |  Royal fleet |
| Manufacturer | royal shipyard, Plymouth |
| The author of the ship drawing | John williams |
| Construction started | January 1774 |
| Launched | September 4, 1781 |
| Withdrawn from the fleet | crashed in 1807 |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 1359 tons ( approx. ) [1] |
| Gondek length | 159 ft 6 in (48.62 m ) |
| Midship Width | 44 ft 4 in (13.51 m) |
| Depth of intrum | 19 ft (5.8 m) |
| Engines | Sail |
| Crew | 500 |
| Armament | |
| Total number of guns | 64 |
| Gundeck Guns | 26 × 24 pound guns |
| Guns on the operdek | 26 × 18-fn guns |
| Guns on the Trench | 10 × 4-fn guns |
| Guns on the tank | 2 × 9-fn guns |
Content
Service
American Revolutionary War
1781 - Captain William Blair. In December, he entered the squadron of Sir George Rodney , an appointment to the West Indies .
1782 - April 12 was at the islands of All Saints . The French ( vice admiral de Grasse ) planned an invasion of Jamaica. The British frigates , who followed Port Royal in Martinique , reported the fleet leaving on April 8 . Rodney immediately went out and caught up with the French on the 12th. When the French shut up and gaps appeared in their line, Rodney was able to cut it in two places, with the HMS Formidable , and the five ships following it. Six French captains were killed in this battle, but only two British, including Captain Blair. The captain of the HMS Resolution, Lord Robert Manners, was mortally wounded. [2]
Since December 8, captain J. Rodney ( English J. Rodney ), appointment to Barbados [2] .
French Revolutionary Wars
1794 - Chatham , cut one deck , the ship turned into a 44-gun razée [2] .
1798 - Captain Charles Darham ( born Philip Calderwood Durham ). On October 18, in collaboration with HMS Kangaroo , he captured the French frigate Loire, even though it had previously lost its mizzen mast, mainsail, and all Mars-Rae while pursuing another squadron in the area of Ireland.
1799 - He left Plymouth on January 26 , and on February 2, together with HMS Ethalion , captured the French corsair - cutter Boulonaise (14) from Dunkirk, violating shipping in the North Sea.
Cutter Bayonnaise , captured by Anson and Ethalion in Biscay, arrived in Plymouth on February 9, 1799 . In the past, it was a custom cutter Swan . His captain, Sanson, was assassinated about two years earlier when a Frenchman captured the cutter off the Isle of Wight .
On February 25, Anson and HMS Phoenix went to Spithead .
Anson hosted the royal family from time to time when it was in Weymouth . On September 9, Captain Darham hosted a reception on board for King George III . During the evening, when the messenger arrived with dispatches, the king could not be found. He was on the lower deck surrounded by the crew of the ship, and was talking with the old sailor.
1800 - February 6, returned to Plymouth from the coast of France for repair; went on a new cruise on February 23 .
March 17 left Portsmouth and passed the Canal, escorting a convoy to the East Indies and Botany Bay , up to 30 degrees. w.
On April 10, northwest of the Canary Islands , Anson detained the merchant ship Catherine & Anna , Captain Spanger ( German Spanger ), who was traveling to Hamburg from Batavia , with a load of coffee. The prize arrived in Plymouth on the 22nd. He was allowed to go to sea on April 16, 1801 , when he was released by the Admiralty Court , after paying the costs. He was again detained at Addiston by the frigate HMS Trent , and sent back.
Another prize, Vainqueur , a corsair of 14 guns and 75 people, taken on April 27 when he was going from Bordeaux to San Domingo , arrived in Plymouth on May 4 . He left Anson on April 30 when he fired at the French corsair La Brave , one of four armed vessels. The rest were: Decidé , Guippe and Hardi , all with 18 cannons, four days from Bordeaux. After the chase, Anson captured Hardi , the rest managed to leave thanks to the superiority in the course. La Brave lost 2 people killed by Anson fire. The prize arrived in Plymouth on May 10, the day after Anson entered Plymouth Sound with 1,200 letters from an East Indian convoy. Hardi , just 33 days from the slipway, made his first trip. Anson left Plymouth on the morning of the 10th to deliver the prisoners to Portsmouth.
Anson later escorted the convoy to Gibraltar and Minorca , and anchored in Gibraltar on June 27 , when a large convoy of the enemy, some 40 or 50 ships, was seen in the strait. Captain Darham immediately chose the anchor and rushed in pursuit. The convoy was protected by 25 gunboats and coastal batteries, but with the help of two boats from Gibraltar, 8 transports were captured, although one was later recaptured.
Accompanying the convoy to Gibraltar, Anson was able to cut off on June 29 two Spanish gunboats that harassed the convoy for several days. Gibraltar and Salvador each had two 18-pound cannons in the nose and 8 other guns, and teams of sixty people. At first they tried to go to Ceuta , but then were forced to flee under the African coast, where they bumped into stones and were taken when the marines landed on the shore to support their boats. It turned out that one of the prizes had already set fire to the powder wicks leading to the store.
On July 8, Anson detained Alert , heading to Boston from Cadiz . The prize arrived in Plymouth on the 16th.
1801 - Captain Darham switched to HMS Endymion , he was replaced in March by Captain Kakraft ( born WE Cacraft ); was sent to the Canal , cruised from Portsmouth .
1802 - the Mediterranean Sea ; in November arrived from Malta to Egypt .
Napoleonic Wars
1803 - the same captain, Malta.
1805 - got into repair in Portsmouth.
1806 - Captain Charles Lydyard ( English Charles Lydiard ); On the morning of August 23, in collaboration with HMS Arethusa, he launched a successful attack near Morro Castle, Cuba . The Spanish frigate Pomone was seen trying to get to Havana , and Captain Arethusa Brisbane signaled that the enemy should be boarded . But he thwarted the attempt, leading to the wind and hiding in a pistol shot from the castle, which had sixteen 32-pound guns and a cover of 12 gunboats from the front. British ships landed in the direction of the enemy, while their sails and rigging suffered from gunboat fire, and anchored side to side with Pomone . After 35 minutes of general combat, the Spanish frigate lowered the flag, three gunboats exploded and six were sunk. The rest were driven ashore. Lt. Parish with Arethusa and Lt. Sullivan with Anson took the prize.
From the hot cores from the castle on Arethusa , a fire broke out, which was quickly put out, but soon after that a strong explosion was heard in the castle, and all shooting ceased. Pomone brought coins and goods from Santa Cruz , the money was unloaded just ten minutes before the start of the battle, but the bullion and other goods left on board were seized. Anson had no losses.
On September 15, 1806, 15 miles from Havana, Anson collided with the French Foudroyant (84), under a temporary mast . Assuming that he was damaged in the battle, Captain Lidiar attacked, but after an hour of battle found that the French ship suffered only from the weather, and retained all the firepower. He was forced to leave the battle, having lost 2 people killed and 13 wounded, his sails and rigging were badly damaged, and both ships quickly drifted to the shore.
On November 29, 1806, Anson , Latona, and Arethusa , under the general command of Captain Brisbane, left Port Royal to attack Curacao , but due to adverse winds and currents, they reached the island only on January 1 . HMS Fisgard joined them on the way.
Captain Brisbane’s line, in closed formation, passed coastal batteries and anchored at the port, where the Dutch Hatslar (36), Surinam (22) were located, and two large schooners stood across the entrance, with an interval of only 50 yards . After a heavy skirmish, the Dutch ships were boarded, the fortress and the city of Amsterdam were taken by storm , and after 4 hours the British flag was hoisted in Fort Republika [3] . On Anson, 7 people were injured.
Doom
Crashed off the coast of Cornwall on December 29, 1807 . [1] Anson crashed at Loe 's bar. The day before, he was demolished on the leeward by a storm while trying to return to Falmouth . He laid anchor , but when at about 8 o’clock in the morning the anchor rope burst, the ship was thrown onto the sand and was soon broken by waves. Sixty people died [4] . Captain Lidiar was among the dead, his body was raised from the water on January 1, 1808 and delivered to Falmouth for burial [5] .
The loss of Anson caused a controversial mood, due to the handling of the bodies of the dead, washed ashore. In those days, it was customary to bury the drowned men unceremoniously, without a shroud or coffin, in unholy land. The bodies remained unburied for a long time. This prompted local solicitor Thomas Grylls to draft a new law to better treat drowned sailors. This law was introduced to Parliament by John Hearle Tremayne , a member of Parliament from Cornwall, and passed as the Law on the Burial of the Drowned in 1808. Monument to the drowned sailors, as well as the adoption of the Grylls law, stands at the entrance to Portleven harbor [6] .
The witness of the crash was Henry Trengrouse ( born Trengrouse ), a resident of Cornwall. Frustrated by the loss of life because of the difficulty in feeding the ends to a ship in distress, he developed a throwing device for casting a line through the surf to the wreckage to remove the survivors. It was one of the earliest examples of rescue devices.
Links
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 B. Lavery. The Ship of the Line - Volume 1. - P. 181.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Ships of the Old navy: ANSON (64)
- ↑ The Victory of Seapower / R. Gardiner, ed. - P. 67.
- ↑ Gilly. Narratives ... p. 125.
- ↑ Ships of the Old navy: ANSON (44)
- ↑ Hitchins, Fortescue. The history of Cornwall: from the earlist records and traditions ..., Volume 2 / Samuel Drew. - William Penaluna, 1824 .-- P. 607.
Literature
- Lavery, B. The Ship of the Line. The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. - Conway Maritime Press, 2003. - Vol. I. - ISBN 0-85177-252-8 .
- Gardiner, Robert. Frigates of the Napoleonic Wars. - L .: Chatham Publishing, 2006 .-- ISBN 1-86176-292-5 .
- Gilly, William Stephen. Narratives of shipwrecks of the Royal Navy: between 1793 and 1849 . - JW Parker, 1851.
- The Victory of Seapower. Winning the Napoleonic War 1806-1814 / Robert Gardiner, ed. - London: Chatham Publishing, 1998 .-- 192 p. - ISBN 1-86176-038-8 .