Dolgov, Peter Ivanovich

He was born on February 21, 1920 in the village of Epiphany in the Tambov province (now - the village of Dolgovo, Zemetchinsky district, Penza region ^[1] ) in a peasant family. He graduated from the Michurinsky vocational school in 1938 , since 1939 he worked as a driver in Moscow. Since 1940 - in the Red Army . In 1942 he graduated from the Shkotov Military Infantry School. Since 1945, participated in the Great Patriotic War as part of the airborne troops . For military merits at the front, he was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of the Red Star and medals. In 1947 he graduated from the Military Parachute School in Ryazan . He worked as a parachute technician. He made 1409 jumps, setting 8 world and all-Union records. In 1961 he was awarded the Order of Lenin for participating in the testing of some space systems.

In the fall of 1962, at the Volsky training ground, the head of the Soviet space program S.P. Korolev, in order to work out unexpected scenarios of emergency events during descent by parachute, decided to conduct a special experiment to protect astronauts from death during landing. For this, a secret project "Star" was developed. In a balloon gondola, together with Evgeny Andreev Dolgov should rise to a height of 25-30 km. Debt jumping second, had to test the parachute automation of its own design, which should open the parachute immediately after the jump. This was a serious risk, since at such an altitude where there is practically no air, the parachute dome has almost nothing to lean on ^[2] .

On November 1, 1962, Dolgov made a test jump from the Volga stratosphere balloon from a height of 28,600 m. According to the test program, he jumped in an airtight suit with an immediate parachute deployment. Descent from such a height should have taken 38 minutes. The helmet of the SI-3M spacesuit was made of transparent material. But when Dolgov left the gondola, when he left the cab, he accidentally hit a sharp bolt and damaged the face mask ^[3] . The accident investigation committee concluded that as a result of the impulse from Andreev’s bailout, the aircraft swayed for a long time in the stream of the air stream, because of which Dolgov hit with a helmet on the hatchway opening. The pin in the opening of the hatch pierced a 9 × 16 mm hole in the face mask. Under conditions close to space vacuum, depressurization occurred ^[2] . And although the parachute system worked normally, Colonel Dolgov died in mid-air ^[1] .

He was buried in a military cemetery near the Chkalovskaya station in the Moscow region . By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 12, 1962, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was posthumously awarded.

On April 11, 1964, one of the streets of Moscow in the Tushino area was named after P. I. Dolgov.

Evgeny Nikolaevich Andreev is a parachute test instructor who made a record parachute jump with P. I. Dolgov.

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• Lebedev V. Fly born // Mol. Leninist. - 1968. - July 18.
• Dobel V. Wings grow stronger in flight // Mol. Leninist. - 1969. - Aug 19.
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• Smaykin A. Winged infantry // Penz. true. - 1974. - Dec 13
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• Mayorov V. At the dawn of space exploration // Your interlocutor. - 1998. - Jan 7