Pierre Clastres ( French Pierre Clastres ; May 17, 1934 in Paris - July 29, 1977 , Gabriache) - French anthropologist and ethnologist . Especially known for his work on political anthropology, anti-authoritarian beliefs and a monograph on the Paraguayan Guayaki Indians ( ACHE ).
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Biography
As a student, a member of the Union of Communist Students, Pierre Klyastr was influenced by the revolutionary organization Socialism or Barbarism . He will meet again with several former members of this organization in 1977, when he will participate in the founding of the magazine Libre, shoulder to shoulder with Miguel Abensour, Cornelius Kastoriadis , Marcel Gaucher, Claude Lefort and Maurice Luciani.
A philosopher by education, he was interested in American anthropology under the influence of Claude Levy-Strauss and Alfred Metro.
Pierre Klyastr spent 1963 among the Guayaki Indians in Paraguay. In 1965, he visited Guarani , again in Paraguay. He visits the Chulupi twice: in 1966 and 1968. In 1970, he spent a short time at the Yanomami with his colleague Jacques Lizo. Finally, he visits the Garani Indians in Brazil. In the same year, he became a researcher at the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) and published a number of articles on the topic “Society versus State”. A critic of structuralism, in direct conflict with Claude Levy-Strauss, who does not particularly like the view of war as a failure of exchange, he leaves the Laboratory of Public Anthropology. In 1975, he became director of research in the fifth department of the School of Higher Learning (l'École Pratique des Hautes Études). He died in 1977 in a road accident, leaving his work in progress.
Society versus State
In his most famous work, “Society Against the State,” Klyastr simultaneously criticizes evolutionists who want the state to be the expediency of any society, and Russoists with their natural innocence. By doing this, he pushes the state from its central place, which it occupied in political anthropology in order to highlight the problem of its appearance in the context of the concept of coercive force.
Bibliography
- "Liberté, malencontre, innommable" dans Étienne de La Boétie , Le Discours de la servitude volontaire
- Chronicle of the Guayaki Indians ( Chronique des indiens Guayaki ), 1972
- Society Against the State ( La Société contre l'État ), 1974
- Le Grand Parler. Mythes et chants sacrés des Indiens Guaraní , 1974
- French Marxists and their Anthropology ( Les marxistes et leur anthropologie ), 1978
- Recherches d'anthropologie politique , 1980
- Archeology of Violence ( Archéologie de la violence. La guerre dans les sociétés primitives. )
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118871293 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.