Implicit memory ( lat. Implicitus “curtailed, closed”), hidden memory - a type of memory that provides the use of information obtained on the basis of unconscious past experience. In other words, unconscious memory as opposed to explicit - conscious.
Experimental confirmation of the existence of implicit memory is considered to be the phenomenon of fixing the installation (preceding effect), when the observed subject successfully solves the tasks for which he was prepared in the previous subconscious experience. The existence of implicit memory is also confirmed by the phenomenon of implicit learning , the result of which is implicit knowledge in the form of abstract representations, which, unlike explicit knowledge, can not be described verbally, but can be explained with specific examples [1] .
Implicit memory includes procedural memory , including motion memory.
Implicit memory has a multi-level structure, including at least three layers: deep psychological attitudes , fixed attitudes and bindings .
The experiments of John Kilstrom with semantic fixation of the installation showed that post-hypnotic amnesia violates episodic, but not semantic memory [2] . This shows the difference between implicit and explicit memory.
Implicit memory is independent of explicit memory. Associated with the concept of implicit memory are the concepts of unconscious memory (J. Breyer, Z. Freud. The study of hysteria) and unconscious memory [3] .
Notes
- ↑ CA Seger. Implicit learning // Psychological Bulletin. - 1994-03-01. - T. 115 , no. 2 . - S. 163–196 . - ISSN 0033-2909 .
- ↑ Kihlstrom John F. Posthypnotic amnesia for recently learned material: Interactions with “episodic” and “semantic” memory // Cognitive Psychology. - 1980 .-- April ( vol. 12 , no. 2 ). - P. 227-251 . - ISSN 0010-0285 . - DOI : 10.1016 / 0010-0285 (80) 90010-9 . - PMID 7371378 .
- ↑ Jacoby Larry L. , Witherspoon Dawn. Remembering without awareness. (English) // Canadian Journal of Psychology / Revue canadienne de psychologie. - 1982. - Vol. 36 , no. 2 . - P. 300—324 . - ISSN 0008-4255 . - DOI : 10.1037 / h0080638 .
Literature
- Schacter, DL (1995a). Implicit memory. In MS Gazzaniga (Ed.). The cognitive neurosciences (pp. 815-824). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Schacter, DL & Curran, T. (2000). Memory without remembering and remembering without memory: Implicit and false memories. In MS Gazzaniga (Ed.), The new cognitive neurosciences (2nd ed., Pp. 829-840). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Classifications of types of memory
See also
- Explicit memory
- Implicit learning