Kurban

Udhiya ( Arabic: التضحية - Sacrifice performed in the morning after sunrise (Hell-Spirit) ) - a ritual of sacrifice performed by 10 sul-hijjas during the celebration of Kurban Bayram. The rite is performed in memory of the willingness of the prophet Ibrahim to sacrifice a son, instead of whom a ram was slaughtered at the very last moment ^[1] . This rite is an important ritual feature of the Islamic religion. The victim may be ungulate animals: camels, cows or sheep, which are slaughtered with the corresponding intention, annually 10 Zul-hijjah. That is, on the day of the holiday of Kurban Bayram (Eid al-Adha) after the holiday prayer, as well as for 3 days of tashrika (up to 13 Suhl-hijj) (see Hajj ).

Most Muslim theologians consider Udhiya an optional but desirable act (Sunnah), and some are mandatory (Wajib). Anyone can make a sacrifice to Allah for himself, or for his family members. You can also make a sacrifice for the deceased if he bequeathed it and left his means for this.

One person is allowed to sacrifice one sheep. A camel and a cow can be sacrificed by seven people. The meat of sacrificial animals is divided into three parts. One part is left for food, the second is given as alms, and the third as a gift. The meat is given as alms to Muslims. But it is allowed to give it to non-Muslims, if they are relatives or neighbors. Meat and other parts of the body of a sacrificial animal cannot be sold.

It is desirable that the animal lay on its left side with its head in the direction of Kyble. With the words “Bismillah, Allahu Akbar”, the animal needs to cut the esophagus, respiratory tract and main veins. You can also read takbir At-Tashrik:

اَللهُ اَكْبَرُ اَللهُ اَكْبَرُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّاللهُ وَ اَللهُ اَكْبَرُ اَللهُ اَكْبَرُ وَ لِلهِ اْحَ Allaуlahu у Allahu ля Allahu б Allahu б Allahu б Allahu б Allahu б Allahu б Allahu Ак Allahu Ак Allahu Ак Allahu Ак Allahu Ак Allahu Allah

Meaning: "Allah is Great, Allah is Great, there is no deity but Allah, Allah is Great and all praise be to Allah."

and the following ayah: قُلْ إِنَّ صَلاَتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ Meaning: “Verily, my prayer, my worship (to Allah), there is God through me, and there is no peace among God, ... "

Say the following intention: “Oh, Almighty Allah, I offer sacrifice to receive your blessing.”

Until the soul of the animal leaves the body, it is undesirable to separate the head or begin to skin. During the sacrifice it is not enough to say “Bismillah”, it is necessary to say “Bismillah, Allahu Akbar”. If the cutter did not knowingly say “Bismillah, Allahu Akbar”, the meat of the animal becomes forbidden. And if he did not say out of forgetfulness, then this is forgiven.

Akika ( Arabic: عقيقة - cutting ) - Sacrifice one or two sheep in gratitude to God for giving birth to a child. Akika is an animal that is sacrificed when a child is born. Its origin is due to the fact that when a sheep was slaughtered, her throat was cut. Arabs often call Akika the hair of a newborn.

Two rams are relied upon for the boy, each of which must meet the conditions of the sacrificial animal (udhiya). One ram is sacrificed for a girl ^[1] . The animal is cut on the seventh day, but if you can’t do it on time, then you can kill at any other time, and this will not be considered a sin. However, it is preferable to do this as quickly as possible.

Nazr Kurban ( Arabic: نذر قربان - the promised sacrifice ) is a sacrifice that a person makes for himself ( wajib ) voluntarily.

Nazr Kurban is of two types:

• Vow not related to any conditions. For example, someone will say: "I will make a sacrifice in the Name of Allah." In this case, a person is free to make this sacrifice at any time.
• Vow related to a condition. For example, someone will say: “If the patient recovers, and I will make a sacrifice in the Name of Allah.” After the patient recovers, making a sacrifice becomes mandatory. You can make a sacrifice earlier, without waiting for the fulfillment of the desired.

The meat of a sacrificial animal (nazr) must not be eaten by the one who sacrificed it. Also, this meat cannot be eaten by his wife, parents, grandparents, children and grandchildren. In addition, the meat of a sacrificial animal nazr can not be eaten by those who are considered wealthy, that is, they have nisab . Sacrifice for the deceased is performed on the holiday of Eid al-Adha. The meat of the sacrificial animal who made the sacrifice for the deceased can be distributed or kept. And the meat of the animal, sacrificed by will, is distributed to the poor.

It is advisable for a Muslim to make sacrifices himself or, if possible, be present when cutting the animal. On the day of the sacrifice, it is advisable for him to eat nothing until he tastes the meat of the sacrificial animal ^[2] .

By making a sacrifice, the animal is laid on its left side, and its legs are tied together in the hooves. Before the throat of the animal there should be a recess for the flow of blood. Having accepted the intention ( niyat ) to perform the sacrifice, the Muslim must say “ Bismillahi ! Allahu Akbar ”and cut the main blood arteries on the animal’s throat. The animal must be kept in this position until the blood exits the body completely. After this, the head is completely cut off ^[2] .

Do the same with the usual slaughter of animals in food. Muslim meat that is not cut in accordance with Sharia rules is forbidden for Muslims to eat. Do not eat blood, genitals, gall and bladder of an animal ^[2] .

Age

The sacrificial animal must reach a certain age and should not have any flaws. For a lamb, the minimum age is 6 months, for a goat - 1 year, for a cow - 2 years, for a camel - 5 years. It is forbidden to sell an animal that is selected for sacrifice.

A sheep, a goat, a camel, a buffalo or a cow can act as a victim ^[3] . According to the Shafi'i madhhab, it is forbidden to sacrifice animals carrying the fetus in their womb ^[4] .

Flaws

It is desirable that the sacrificial animal was well-fed, large and beautiful. It is allowed to perform a sacrifice on animals in which horns are partially broken or missing from birth, as well as castrated animals. It is unacceptable to sacrifice an animal that has:

• blindness in one eye or both;
• excessive thinness;
• lameness in which the animal cannot independently reach the place of sacrifice;
• the absence of most of the eye, ear or tail;
• lack of teeth ^[5] .

With a man who stabbed and butchered an animal, it is best to pay with money. It is permitted to give him part of the meat as alms if this person is poor. It is advisable to buy a sacrificial animal a few days before the slaughter and keep it in a stall.

• Atira ( Arabic: عتيرة ) is a sacrifice performed by polytheistic Arabs during the days of ignorance (jahiliya) in the last ten days of the month of rajab . This was allowed in the early years of Islam, but then it was canceled.
• Badana ( Arabic: بدنة ) - a camel, camel, cow or bull, intended for sacrifice in Mecca.
• Days at-Tashrik ( Arabic: أيام التشريق ) - the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth of the month of zu-l-hijjah, when Muslims perform sacrifices and glorify Allah.
• Hadya ( Arabic: الْهَدْيُ - sacrifice ) - sacrificial animals brought by pilgrims in the days of sacrifice.

• Ali-zade, A. A. Udkhiya // Islamic Encyclopedic Dictionary . - M .: Ansar , 2007 .-- S. http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/islam/779/Udhia .
• Newby G. A Brief Encyclopedia of Islam = A Concise Encyclopedia of Islam / Per. with English .. - M .: Fair-press, 2007 .-- 384 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-8183-1080-0 .

• Eid al-Adha (in detail) (neopr.) . Umma.ru. “Camels, buffaloes, bulls and cows are equated with seven sheep, that is, no more than seven families can participate in the sacrifice of one cow, for example.” Date of treatment June 19, 2013. Archived June 20, 2013.
• Islamic Sacrifice Rules (unopened) (link unavailable) . Date of treatment September 3, 2011. Archived November 30, 2012.
• About the sacrifice in Islam and the provisions related to it
• Animal for Kurban