Goatsin [1] [2] ( lat. Opisthocomus hoazin) is a tropical bird , the only species in the genus of the same name ( Opisthocomus ) from the family of goatsin [1] (Opisthocomidae) orders of goatsinobraznyh [3] (Opisthocomiformes).
| Goacin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Goacin by the Beni River ( Bolivia ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| International scientific name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opisthocomus hoazin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonyms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Security status | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The family includes at least one more extinct genus ( Hoazinoides ) [4] . Previously, the family was classified as chicken or cuckoo .
Content
- 1 Appearance
- 2 Distribution
- 3 Lifestyle
- 4 Reproduction
- 5 People and goatsin
- 6 Systematics
- 7 Genetics
- 8 Notes
- 9 Literature
- 10 Links
Appearance
It differs sharply from the chicken , to which it was attributed at the beginning, by the rudimentary comb of the sternum and the very large back finger .
Body length about 60 cm. The plumage on the upper side of the body is brown-brown (olive), with light yellow (white) speckles. The underside of the body is whitish, the abdomen is light rusty (reddish). On the head and back of the head, a crest of narrow, pointed feathers with light yellow borders. The feathers of the neck are also elongated, narrow and pointed. The long 10th tail is rounded. Cheeks are bare, red.
Distribution
Distributed in equatorial South America (from Colombia to Bolivia ).
Lifestyle
It is kept in flooded river thickets along river banks. Almost does not fly, most of the time keeps on trees and rarely descends to the ground.
Vegetable food: eat leaves and fruits , which are digested by fermentation , like ruminants , but not in the rumen , but in a large (7.5 times smaller than the bird itself) goiter [5] . From this, goacin has an unusually unpleasant dung smell.
Reproduction
Breeds in small colonies from December to July . Roughly folded from brushwood nests are placed on low trees and in bushes.
In clutch there are 2–4 eggs . Chicks develop claws on the first and second toes of the wing, which help them climb branches; in adult goacins, the claws disappear. Chicks are fed a semi-digested mixture of leaves.
People and Goatsin
Goacin meat has a sharp musty smell, is inedible and is never eaten even by natives. Therefore, European settlers called Goacin "a stinking bird." The word "goatsin" is borrowed from the Aztec language. Goacin is the national bird of Guyana [6] .
Systematics
For a long time, goatsin was assigned to the orders of chicken-like (on the rights of the family Opisthocomidae or suborder Opisthocomi) or crane - like because of its similarity to the trumpeters . Subsequently, goacin was classified as cuckoo. Recently, taxonomy has been singled out by the taxonomists as an independent squad of goatsiniform (Opisthocomiformes) [7] .
Genetics
- Molecular genetics
- The deposited nucleotide sequences in the database EntrezNucleotide , GenBank , NCBI, USA: 29,228 (as of March 14, 2015).
- Deposited protein sequences in the database EntrezProtein , GenBank, NCBI, USA: 28,085 (as of March 14, 2015).
- Genomics
In 2014, sequencing of the complete genomic sequence of goacin was performed [8] . Due to the rather good assembly quality of the O. hoazin genome, the species is important in comparative genomics for elucidating the evolution of avian genomes [9] [10] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Boehme R. L. , Flint V. E. The Bilingual Dictionary of Animal Names. Birds. Latin, Russian, English, German, French / Ed. ed. Acad. V. E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. lang., "RUSSO", 1994. - S. 66. - 2030 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00643-0 .
- ↑ Outdated Russian names - gypsy , gypsy chicken , crested chicken .
- ↑ Ilyashenko V. Yu. Pterillography of world bird nestlings: goaciniformes, turacoids, cuckoo-shaped, swift-like, mouse birds, trogon-shaped, crayfish, rhinoceros, woodpecker, passerine . - M .: Partnership of scientific publications of KMK, 2015. - P. 32. - 292 p. - ISBN 978-5-9906895-6-5 .
- ↑ Opisthocomidae (English) information on the Paleobiology Database website. (Retrieved March 2, 2018) .
- ↑ Akimushkin I.I. The Most Toothy Bird // Animal World: Birds. Fish, amphibians and reptiles. - 3rd ed. - M .: Thought, 1995.- S. 155. - 25,000 copies. - ISBN 5-244-00803-X .
- ↑ See the list of national birds on the CA MacDonald website .
- ↑ HBW 3 - Family text: Opisthocomidae (Hoatzin ) . HBW. Catalog . Lynx Edicions. Date of treatment October 28, 2011. Archived February 4, 2012.
- ↑ Assembly: GCA_000692075.1: Opisthocomus hoazin Genome sequencing . European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) . EMBL - EBI (10 October 2014). Date of treatment March 14, 2015. Archived March 13, 2015.
- ↑ Zhang G., Li C., Li Q., Li B., Larkin DM, Lee C., Storz JF, Antunes A., Greenwold MJ, Meredith RW, Ödeen A., Cui J., Zhou Q., Xu L., Pan H., Wang Z., Jin L., Zhang P., Hu H., Yang W., Hu J., Xiao J., Yang Z., Liu Y., Xie Q., Yu H. , Lian J., Wen P., Zhang F., Li H., Zeng Y., Xiong Z., Liu S., Zhou L., Huang Z., An N., Wang J., Zheng Q., Xiong Y., Wang G., Wang B., Wang J., Fan Y., da Fonseca RR, Alfaro-Núñez A., Schubert M., Orlando L., Mourier T., Howard JT, Ganapathy G., Pfenning A ., Whitney O., Rivas MV, Hara E., Smith J., Farré M., Narayan J., Slavov G., Romanov MN, Borges R., Machado JP, Khan I., Springer MS, Gatesy J., Hoffmann FG, Opazo JC, Håstad O., Sawyer RH, Kim H., Kim KW, Kim HJ, Cho S., Li N., Huang Y., Bruford MW, Zhan X., Dixon A., Bertelsen MF, Derryberry E., Warren W., Wilson RK, Li S., Ray DA, Green RE, O'Brien SJ, Griffin D., Johnson WE, Haussler D., Ryder OA, Willerslev E., Graves GR, Alström P., Fjeldså J., Mindell DP, Edwards SV, Braun EL, Rahbek C., Bu rt DW, Houde P., Zhang Y., Yang H., Wang J., Avian Genome Consortium, Jarvis ED, Gilbert MT, Wang J. Comparative genomics reveals insights into avian genome evolution and adaptation (Eng.) // Science : Journal. - Washington, DC , USA: American Association for the Advancement of Science , 2014. - Vol. 346, no. 6215 . - P. 1311-1320. - ISSN 0036-8075 . - DOI : 10.1126 / science.1251385 . - PMID 25504712 . Archived February 16, 2015. (Retrieved February 16, 2015)
- ↑ Romanov MN, Farré M., Lithgow PE, Fowler KE, Skinner BM, O'Connor R., Fonseka G., Backström N., Matsuda Y., Nishida C., Houde P., Jarvis ED, Ellegren H., Burt DW, Larkin DM, Griffin DK Reconstruction of gross avian genome structure, organization and evolution suggests that the chicken lineage most closely resembles the dinosaur avian ancestor (Eng.) // BMC Genomics : Journal. - London, UK: BioMed Central Ltd , Current Science Group, 2014 .-- Vol. 15. - P. 1060. - ISSN 1471-2164 . - DOI : 10.1186 / 1471-2164-15-1060 . - PMID 25496766 . Archived on March 6, 2015. (Retrieved March 6, 2015)
Literature
- Wagner, Yu.N. Gypsy, gypsy chicken // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Goatsin // Gazlift - Gogolevo. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1971. - (The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. Ed. A. M. Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 6). (Retrieved October 5, 2017) Archived copy . Date of treatment October 5, 2017. Archived on October 5, 2017.