This appearance looks a bit like a smaller Prusak . The body length of adults is 35–50 mm [8] [9] . Males seem longer than females, since the wings of males extend beyond the tip of the abdomen by 4-8 mm [5] . The insect can fly. Brilliant red or chocolate brown with a pale brown or yellow stripe along the edges of the pronotum [5] [8] . An ooteca 8–10 mm long holds up to 16 eggs [8] . At the tip of the abdomen, cockroaches have a pair of connected cerci , consisting of 18-19 segments in males and 13-14 segments in females. The males between the churches have a couple of appendages, similar to another, but smaller cerci, which the females do not [5] .
In their natural environment, cockroaches live in wooden stilts , rotting wood , palm trees and collector systems. They have a flattened body, which allows them to penetrate through door and window slots into houses, as well as through channels for electrically conductive or water lines in the walls. Most active at night. In the daytime, they hide in crevices or cracks, preferring dark damp areas in attics or basements [10] .
Nutrition
Periplaneta americana - omnivorous insects [5] . They feed on decaying organic material, but recently it was noted that cockroaches began to feed on almost everything, including fresh waste. Also noted were eating paper , shoes , soap, hair , fruit , book bindings , bread , fish , meat , fat , peanuts , old rice , fermented sake , soft tissues inside animals, clothes and dead insects [5] [10] .
Natural Enemies
Bacillus Bacillus cereus can infect cockroaches and kill them within 96 hours. In cockroaches infected with the bacterium Micrococcus nigrofasciens , limbs begin to fall away. Protobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens can also be pathogenic for cockroaches, and Serratia marcescens produces lethal toxins for them [11] .
If the cockroach eats the spores of the Beauveria bassiana fungus or these spores settle on the body of the insect, the cockroach first paralyzes and then it dies [11] .
Cockroaches affect the protozoans of the species Balantidium ovatum , and Plistophora periplanetae (= Nosema periplanetae ), damaging the malpigium vessels and stomach [11] .
Mermis nematodes , falling into the body cavity of a cockroach, can cause insect death. Oxyspirura mansoni penetrate the walls of the stomach, because of them the body of the insect swells. Nematodes Neoaplectana , Hammerschmidtiella diesingi , Moniliformis moniliformis , Thelastoma bulhoesi , Thelastoma periplaneticola and Leidynema appendiculatum also parasitize in cockroaches [11] [12] .
Sometimes cockroaches are attacked by ticks of the species Rhizoglyphus tarsalus [11] .
Some Hymenoptera parasitize parasites on cockroaches ( Evania appendigaster , Aprostocetus hagenowii , Melittobia chalybii , Tetrastichus hagenowii , Anastatus tenuipes , Prosevania punctata ) [5] [11] [13] [14] . One larva Evania appendigaster in the cockroach ooteca is capable of destroying all the eggs in it [15] .
The deadly parasites of cockroaches are the Larvae of the winged-winged species Ripidius pectinicornis [11] [16] .
Predators of cockroaches are scorpions Centruroides gracilis , Euscorpius germanus and Hadrurus arizonensis , spider Avicularia avicularia , millipede Scutigera coleoptrata . Cockroaches also eat bugs of the species Spiniger domesticus . Hymenoptera of some species from the family of burrowing wasps ( Ampulex amoena , Ampulex compressa and Trirhogma caerulea ) prey on cockroaches. Cockroaches are included in the diet of Anolis cristatellus , Bufo valliceps , Hyla cinerea , Rana pipiens and Gallus gallus domesticus [11] .
The life cycle of Periplaneta americana consists of three stages: the egg , nymph and imago . The full life cycle from an egg to an imago lasts about 600 days, of which about 400 days pass in the imaginal stage. The duration of the development of insects is influenced by external factors, such as temperature and humidity of the environment [5] .
Females lay from 15 to 90 bones, each of which accommodates from 14 to 16 eggs [17] . About a week after copulation , females begin to form ooteks. At the peak of the reproductive period, two females form in the week in females [5] .
This species is considered a pest . Cockroaches cause significant harm to human health and the economy. They are carriers of various bacterial diseases. People become infected with them through food on which cockroaches fed, which previously touched the places where pathogenic bacteria lived. Cockroaches themselves can cause allergies in people. 50-60% of people with atopic dermatitis and asthma have a severe allergic reaction to cockroach extract. Sensitivity to cockroach allergens is present in 79% of asthmatic children living in homes heavily populated by cockroaches. Cockroaches can also affect the psyche of some people: when they see cockroaches, such people have anxiety and fear [18] .
