Noman елelebijhan (елelebi евelebi крыv ; ىмى;;;;;;;;;;;;;) ; public figure, first chairman of the government of the Crimean People's Republic , organizer of the 1st Kurultay of the Crimean Tatar people , the first mufti of Muslims of Crimea, Lithuania , Poland , Belarus . Also known as the author of the poem " Ant etkenmen " ("I swore"), which became the national anthem of the Crimean Tatars.
Noman Celebidzhihan | |||||||
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Crimean Tat Noman Çelebicihan Noman Celebidzhihan | |||||||
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Predecessor | position established | ||||||
Successor | government in exile | ||||||
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Predecessor | position established | ||||||
Successor | Jafer Seydamet | ||||||
Birth | 1885 Biyuk-Sunak village (now non-existent), Perekop district , Tauride province | ||||||
Death | February 23, 1918 Sevastopol | ||||||
The consignment | Milli Firka | ||||||
Education | |||||||
Religion |
Content
Life Path
Born in the family of Ibrahim Chelebi, imam of the mosque of the village of Biyuk-Sunak . He received his primary education in a rural school, continuing his studies in the Akchora Madrasa , and then in Zyndzhirly Madrasa .
Social and political activities in Turkey
In 1908 he arrived in the Ottoman Empire . At Istanbul University he received higher legal and theological education. During his studies in Istanbul he created several organizations:
- The Society of Young Tatar Writers ( Yaş tatar yazıcılar cıyını ) ( 1910 ), published such literary works as Swallows Prayer (Qarılğaçlar duası), Golden Light (Altın yarıq), Collection of Poems (" Şiirler cönkü ”).
- The Society of Crimean Tatar Young Students (existed until 1917), whose members created and published patriotic poems, short stories, political and historical articles, distributed them in the Crimea. Together with the Crimean Tatar students, Chelebigihan met with Ismail Gasprinsky twice during his stay in Turkey.
- “Rodina” (“Vatan”) (1909) is an underground political organization whose members are Crimean Tatar students in Turkey. Founders: Noman Celebidzhikhan, Jafer Seydamet , Abibulla Odabash .
In 1912, Noman Chelebidzhihan returned to the Crimea. In 1913 he entered the Law Faculty of the St. Petersburg Institute of Psychoneurology .
Socio-political activities in Crimea
With the beginning of the First World War, he returned to the Crimea, together with Jafer Seydamet developed a strategy of national struggle. After the February Revolution of 1917, political organizations in the Crimea emerged from the underground. In March, the First All-Crimean Muslim Congress was held, at which the Provisional Crimean-Muslim Executive Committee (Municipal Executive Committee) was established, whose chairman was Noman Chelebidzhihan. At the same time, he became the first mufti of the Muslims of Crimea.
The results of the executive committee of the Moscow Executive Committee headed by N. Chelebidzhikhan:
- the creation of spiritual and land administrations;
- reforming national educational institutions;
- the revitalization of the work of provincial governments;
- the opening of national publications (the newspaper “Millet” (“Nation”) in the Crimean Tatar language and “The Voice of the Tatars” - in Russian).
Celebidzhihan called for the formation of the Muslim armed forces. A national party, Milli Firka, was created.
June 23, 1917 Noman Celebidzhihan was arrested. However, he was soon forced to be released, as the Crimean Tatars protested in defense of their leader, securing him with 5,000 signatures.
In November-December 1917 (in the old style) the 1st Kurultay of the Crimean Tatar people was held in Crimea, prepared by Noman Celebidzhihan and his comrades-in-arms. He was a member of the commission for drafting the Constitution of the Crimean People's Republic . After a lengthy discussion, the kurultai approved the draft Constitution submitted by the commission and on December 13, 1917 proclaimed the creation of the Crimean People's Republic. Celebidzhihan was elected chairman of the national government - the Board of Directors (Directory) and at the same time the head of its department of justice [1] .
The program message of the government created on the pages of the Millet and Golos Tatars newspapers stated:
"The Crimean Tatar national government is designed to ensure the happiness and normal functioning of not only the indigenous people, but also to protect all fellow countrymen, residents of the peninsula from usurpation, anarchy and rebellion, to protect their life and honor, and considers it their sacred duty."
Noman Chelebidzhihan advocated the equality of all peoples living in the Crimea. In his keynote speech on the eve of the discovery of Kurultay, he said:
On the Crimean peninsula grow colorful roses, lilies, tulips. And each of these elegant flowers has its own special beauty, its own special delicate aroma. These roses, these flowers are the peoples living in Crimea: Tatars, Russians, Armenians, Jews, Germans and others. The goal of Kurultay is to bring them together, to make a beautiful and elegant bouquet of them, to found a real civilized Switzerland on the beautiful island of Crimea. Kurultay thinks not only about the Crimean Tatars, but about all the nations that have been fraternally living with them for centuries. Kurultay invites them to work together, and will go hand in hand with them. Crimean Tatars will not play the role of leader in this matter, but the role of the initiator, initiator.
The original text (kr.tat.)Qırım yarımadasında türlü renklerde bir çoq zarif güller, zanbaqlar, lâleler bardır. Ve bu lâtif ruh-i naz çeçeklerniñ episiniñ kendilerine mahsus bir güzelligi, özlerine mahsus lâtif qoquları bar. Bu güller, bu çeçekler Qırımda yaşağan milletler: tatar, rus, ermeni, yeudiy, nemse ve başqalarıdır. Qurultaynı maqsadı olarnı bir yerge toplap episinden bir güzel ve nefis buket yapmaqtır, güzel Qırım adasında aqiqiy medeniy bir İsviçre tesis etmektir. Tatar Qurultayı yalıñız tatarlarnı degil, asırlardan berli tatarlarnen beraber qardaşça yaşap kelgen diger milletlerni de tüşünmekte. Olarnı da işke davet eterek, olarnen qol-qolğa berip ketecektir. Tatar bu işte amir degil, belki bir müteşebbis, yalıñız bir teşebbüsçilik vazifesini icra etecektir. [2] [3]
However, the October Revolution in Russia and the coming to power of the Bolsheviks, who did not recognize the Crimean Tatar government, threatened the existence of Crimean statehood. The Bolsheviks intensified their actions in the Crimea, with the help of the Black Sea Fleet overthrew the Crimean Tatar national government and in a short time captured the entire Crimean peninsula.
Noman Chelebidzhihan became a victim of anarcho-revolutionary terror in the Crimea. On January 26, 1918, he was arrested and imprisoned in the Sevastopol prison . February 23 of the same year in the city of Sevastopol, he was killed without trial by revolutionary sailors, and his body was thrown into the Black Sea [4] .
Memory
In honor of the mufti Chelebidzhikhan Crimean Tatar activists called the battalion , which took part in the blockade of the Crimean peninsula .
April 7, 2017 in Simferopol ( Crimea ) the grand opening of memorial plaques on the historic building in which Chelebidzhikhan [5] .
On February 22, 2018, a memorial plaque dedicated to Noman Chelebidzhihan was installed on the building of the railway station in Ichnya ( Ukraine ) [6] .
Creativity
- Poems
- I swore ( Ant Etkenmen )
- Dungeon (Bastırıq)
- Oh ... (Aygidi ...)
- Good-bye, Tatar people! (Savlıqman qal, tatarlıq!)
- Poor traveler (Yolcu ğarip)
- Hello from the fox (Til'kiden selâm)
- Yellow Tulip (Sarı tül'pan)
- Prose
- Swallows prayer (Qarılğaçlar duası)
Notes
- Ря Uryadi Krimu - Іstorіya // Cabіnet Міністрів України
- ↑ Y. Qandym. Kuresh meydanyny from basmaz ... (Monograph) - Simferopol, 2002 - 256 p. ISBN 966-8025-21-0
- ↑ For the first time, the text of the speech was published in the Millet newspaper, November 13, 1917.
- ↑ Zarubin, A. G., Zarubin, V. G. Without winners. From the history of the Civil War in Crimea. - 1st. - Simferopol: Antiqua, 2008. - 728 p. - 800 copies - ISBN 978-966-2930-47-4 .
- ↑ Press service of the Central Administrative Board of the Crimean Duma. A memorial plaque with the name of Noman Chelebidzhikhan appeared in Simferopol . CRO DUMK (04/07/2017).
- ↑ MIP. In Ichnia, a memorial plaque was installed in honor of Noman Chelebidzhikhan, the spiritual leader of the Crimean Tatars . Ministry of Information Policy of Ukraine (23.02.2018).
Literature
- Y. Kandym . Kuresh meydanyna from basmaz ... Do not overgrow with the grass of the battlefield ... (Monograph on Noman Celibijihan) - Simferopol, 2002 - 256 p. ISBN 966-8025-21-0