Ohrid

The modern city of Ohrid was built on the site of the ancient (Illyro-Macedonian) colony Lichnid ( dr. Greek Λυχνιδός ) ^[1] , known since the 2nd – 3rd centuries BC. e. In 148 BC e. the colony was captured by the Romans , who after a devastating earthquake in 518 almost completely rebuilt it, only marble pillars have survived from the ancient Macedonian buildings ^[2] .

During the period of Roman and Byzantine rule, the city was an important trading point on the road built by the Romans from the Adriatic coast to Constantinople , known as the Egnatius road ( lat. Via Egnatia ) ^[3] . Archaeological excavations confirm that the city adopted Christianity a long time ago. Bishops of Lichnids took part in the first ecumenical councils .

By the end of V - beginning of VI centuries, the city ​​is gradually inhabited by Slavic peoples. In 861, it is part of Bulgaria and soon gets its modern name (under the name Ohrid first mentioned in 879 ) ^[3] . Since 886, a student of Cyril and Methodius Clement Ohridsky has been conducting enlightenment activities in Ohrid , who founded a book school in Ohrid by order of Bulgarian Tsar Boris to translate church Greek books into Slavic. Clement of Ohrid wrote on the Glagolitic script created by Cyril and Methodius. The tradition attributes the creation of the Cyrillic alphabet to Clement of Ohrid (in his brief life, preserved only in Greek, it reads: “He invented [Clement] other styles for letters, so that they are more clear than those invented by the wise Cyril” ^[4] ), but most researchers do not share this view ^{[5] [6]} .

From 990 to 1015, Ohrid was the capital of the Bulgarian kingdom of King Samuel . The ruins of its fortress still remain above the city ^[7] . From 990 to 1018, Ohrid had its own patriarchate . Nevertheless, after the conquest of Ohrid by Byzantium in 1018, only the archbishop of the Archbishopric of Ohrid remained in Ohrid, subordinate to the Patriarch of Constantinople . Under the rule of Byzantium, a large number of temples were built.

Under Ivan Asen II (1218–1241) he was included in the newly formed independent Bulgarian kingdom . In 1334, conquered by the Serbian king Stefan Dusan .

In 1394, the city was occupied by the Ottoman Empire , under the rule of which it remained until 1912, gradually falling into decay ^[3] . In the 40s of the XIX century, the Russian Slavic Viktor Grigorovich noted that the population of the city is mainly Bulgarian , as well as Wallachian and Turkish and partially Greek and Albanian ^[8] . According to Bulgarian ethnographer Vasil Kynchov , at the end of the 19th century, the population of Ohrid was 14,860 people - 8,000 Bulgarians , 5,000 Turks , 300 Albanians - Muslims , 300 Albanians - Christians , 460 Volokhs and 600 Gypsies ^[9] .

In 1913, after the end of the First Balkan War, he moved to Serbia ^[3] .

According to the 2002 census, 42,033 residents lived in Ohrid ^[10] .

Ethnic composition:

• Macedonians, 33,791 (80.4%)
• Albanians, 2959 (7.0%)
• Turks, 2256 (5.4%)
• others, 3027 (7.2%)

Native languages ​​of residents:

• Macedonian, 34 910 (83.1%)
• Albanian, 3957 (9.4%)
• Turkish, 2226 (5.3%)
• others, 1017 (2.4%)

Religious composition:

• Orthodox Christians, 33,987 (80.9%)
• Muslims, 7,599 (18.1%)
• others, 447 (1.1%)

• Antique theater of the Hellenistic period
• Church of St. George
• Church of St. Sophia
• Zeynal Abidin Mosque
• Mosque of the Prophet Muhammad
• Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary Periveptos
• Monastery of St. Naum of Ohrid
• Plaoshnik - the restored Cathedral of St. Clement of Ohrid and the ruins of the "university"
• Samuilova solid - fortress
• Church of the Virgin Zahumskaya St. Zaum
• Church of St. John Kaneo
• Panteleimon Monastery

•   Kosta Abrashevich (1879-1898) - Serbian poet
•   Anastasios Pikheon ( Greek Πηχεων Αναστασιος , 1830-1913) - Greek revolutionary, founder of the New Filiki Heteria, who fought for the reunification of the entire geographical Macedonia with Greece. He was exiled by the Turks to Syria , on his return he settled in the city of Kastoria . Piqueon was lucky in 1912 to see the liberation of Kastoria by the Greek army, in the forefront of which a detachment entered the city under the command of his son Filolaus
•   Alexander Protogerov , Head of the Inner Macedonian-Odrinsk Revolutionary Organization (WMOR)
•   Grigor Prlichev (1830-1893) - Bulgarian educator of Macedonian descent, writer and translator
•   Clement Boyadzhiev (1861-1933) - Bulgarian military leader, lieutenant general
•   Micho Yuzmesci (born 1966) is a North Macedonian writer, publisher and photographer.

•   Piran Slovenia
•   Podolsk ; Russia
•   Wollongong ; Australia
•   Budva Montenegro
•   Katwijk ; Netherlands
•   Vinkovci ; Croatia
•   Yalova ; Turkey
•   Safranbolu ; Turkey
•   Plovdiv ; Bulgaria
•   Patras Greece
•   Dalian China
•   Windsor ; Canada
•   Pogradec ; Albania
•   Kragujevac , Serbia

• List of Ohrid Archbishops