Octane (n-octane) is an organic compound of the class of alkanes .
| Octane | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Are common | |
| Chem. formula | C 8 H 18 |
| Physical properties | |
| Molar mass | 114.2285 g / mol |
| Density | 0.703 g / cm³ |
| Ionization energy | |
| Thermal properties | |
| T. melt. | −57 ° C |
| T. bale. | 125.52 ° C |
| T. aux. | 14 ° C |
| T. ign. | 19 ° C |
| T. svpl. | 215 ° C |
| Etc. blast | |
| Enthalpy of Education | –208 kJ / mol |
| Enthalpy of combustion | |
| Steam pressure | |
| Optical properties | |
| Refractive index | |
| Classification | |
| Reg. CAS number | 111-65-9 |
| PubChem | |
| Reg. EINECS number | |
| Smiles | |
| Inchi | |
| RTECS | |
| Chebi | |
| UN number | |
| ChemSpider | |
Content
Properties
Colorless liquid with a specific odor; octane number 17-19;
Getting
Together with isooctane and other isomers, it is found in oil and gasoline of direct distillation (up to 10%), as well as in large quantities in synthetic gasoline obtained from CO and H 2 . In industry, octane is isolated by distillation , and then subjected to purification with urea using molecular sieves .
Application
When passing over an aluminum-molybdenum or aluminum-chromium catalyst in the presence of hydrogen, octane is converted (at 500 ° C and a pressure of 1-2 Mn / m², or 10–20 kgf / cm²) to a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons (oxylene and ethylbenzene ). This dehydrocyclization reaction is one of the main ones in catalytic reforming processes.
Isomers
Octane has 18 structural isomers.
- Octane (n-octane)
- 2-methylheptane
- 3-Methylheptane (+ has optical isomerism )
- 4-methylheptane
- 3-ethylhexane
- 2,2-dimethylhexane
- 2,3-Dimethylhexane (+ has optical isomerism)
- 2,4-Dimethylhexane (+ has optical isomerism)
- 2,5-dimethylhexane
- 3,3-Dimethylhexane
- 3,4-Dimethylhexane (+ has optical isomerism (two chiral centers))
- 2-methyl-3-ethylpentane
- 3-methyl-3-ethylpentane
- 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane (+ has optical isomerism)
- 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (also known as isooctane )
- 2,3,3-trimethylpentane
- 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane
- 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane
Notes
Literature
- Korolchenko A. Ya., Korolchenko D. A. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials and means for extinguishing them. Reference: in 2 hours - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Ass. "Fire Science", 2004. - Part II. - 713 s. - ISBN 5-901283-02-3 , UDC (658.345.44 + 658.345.43) 66.