Francois Joseph Dizi ( French: François Joseph Dizi ; January 14, 1780 , Namur - c. 1840 [1] , Paris ) - composer and virtuoso harpist . He improved the mechanism of the harp and invented the perpendicular harp [2] .
| Francois Joseph Dizi François Joseph Dizi | |
|---|---|
| basic information | |
| Date of Birth | January 14, 1780 |
| Place of Birth | Namur |
| Date of death | 1840 |
| Place of death | Paris |
| A country | France |
| Professions | composer harpist |
| Instruments | harp |
Biography
The son of a violinist from Dinan , Francois-Joseph Dizi received music lessons from his father. Dizi learned to play the harp on his own, since there were no harp teachers in Namur. At the age of sixteen ( 1796 ), Dizi traveled to London. Before leaving the ship, Disi, who was unable to swim, tried to save the sailor who had fallen into the water and lost consciousness. Meanwhile, the ship on which Dizi was supposed to travel sailed, and with it luggage, harp, money and letters of recommendation [3] . Dizi had only a few funds left to get to London , and he spent the first few weeks in London in poverty until he accidentally heard the sounds of a harp. The house from which the music came was owned by Sebastian Erar , a famous master in the manufacture of harps and piano [3] . With the help of a young man who recognized talent, Erara and Clementi , Dizi got his first students, which was the beginning of a brilliant career that lasted thirty years [3] , when Dizi was the first harper of the Covent Garden theater [4] . Performances at Stationers' Hall date back to this period: on May 5, 1803, Anna-Maria Krumpholz performed Dizi's sonata for harp [5] ; On March 16, 1807, Dizi performed two sonatas for harp with violin and flute, written by Federigo Fiorillo for Dizi and dedicated to it [5] ; On June 18, 1807, Dizi, along with Johann Baptist Kramer, performed a duet for harp and piano Fiorillo [5] ; On May 21, 1811, another sonata of Dizi himself was performed [5] . In 1820, Dizi conducted at the Covent Garden an ensemble of twelve harps [6] .
In 1828 [7] Dizi left London for Paris , where he became a teacher of the harp of the French princesses, the daughters of Louis Philippe . In addition to princesses, among the students of Dizi in different years were Carolyn Chinneri ( 1791 - 1812 ) [8] and Elias Parish Alvars [9] .
Disi also collaborated with the Pleyel piano factory in an attempt to organize a harp factory.
Dizi was a friend of Chopin and accompanied him on a trip to Belgium in late July - early August 1833 [10] .
Francois Joseph Dizi died in Paris in 1840 [1] .
Harp Improvement
Disi began to work on improving the harp during his stay in London. In 1813 - 1817, Dizi developed a “perpendicular harp”, the strings of which are located in the middle of the instrument [6] and are in a position perpendicular to the floor [4] . One of the few surviving perpendicular harps is today in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London [6] . The perpendicular harp was uncomfortable and not widespread [4] .
In Paris [6], Dizi received a patent for the improvement of a harp with double-action pedals [4] , for which he wrote a number of sonatas, fantasies and romances [6] . Disi transferred the functionality of the right pedal to the left pedal, which, taking into account the greater mobility of the left leg, simplified the performance technique [11] . In addition to improving the pedal system, Disi changed the string fastening system [6] , which made it possible to create more stable midtones “corresponding to the piano or any other instrument” [11] . Dizi used a harp for teaching French princesses, made in collaboration with the Playel factory: when August 9, 1832, the beloved daughter of Louis Philippe, Louise Maria married the Belgian king Leopold I , she took her harp with her to Brussels [12] , and thus her harp is today in the Brussels Museum of Musical Instruments , exhibit M629 [6] . In 1834, two Disy-created harps with double-action pedals were presented by the Playel factory at the eighth national exhibition of French industry [13] .
In 1835, Dizi, who then lived in Paris at ul. Kade, 9, also received a patent for a new piano system [14] .
Analysis of Creativity
Zingel considers most of Disi's works to be interesting technically, but not musical [15] . On the other hand, he points out that 48 complex sketches are still used in learning to play the harp. While similar exercises already existed for the piano, for the first time in literature for the harp he managed to organize musical fragments and sounds characteristic of the harp, in an order conducive to the development of the playing skill [15] .
Artwork
- Grand Sonata for Harp (ed. Duran, London; ed. Zimmermann, Leipzig) [3]
- Three Themes (ed. Janet, Paris)
- Shawl Dance for Harp [3]
- 48 studies for harp (2 volumes) - ed. Lemoine [15]
- Harp School (ed. Cheppell, London 1827) [4]
- Accessible harp , pedagogical collection [4]
- Twelve Etudes for Harp with Double Row of Pedals (ed. Pleyel, Paris)
- Duo for Harp and Piano (ed. Cheppell, London)
- Introduction and variations on The yellow hair'd laddie for harp and flute (ed. Burchall, London)
- Introduction and variations on the theme of Benedetta sia la madre for harp and flute accompaniment ad libitum (ed. Burchall, London). Dedicated to the Count and Countess of Sant Antonio.
- Toujours toujours , French theme with variations for harp (ed. Cheppell, London)
- French romances, books 1-3
- Les pensées d'amour , variations for harp and flute ( 1807 )
- Tazah b'Tazah , Indian Theme with Variations for Harp
- Le gentil hussard , Hungarian theme with variations for harp and flute ad libitum (ed. Cheppell, London, 1820 )
- Sul margine d'un rio theme with variation for piano and flute (ed. Chimador and Monzani, London 1807 )
Arrangements for works by other composers
- Johann Baptist Kramer Saxon aria , (published by Janet, Paris)
- Johann Sebastian Bach , Prelude from Partita No. 3, Arrangement for Two Harps
- Etienne Meul , aria from the opera Madness (ed. Burchall, London)
- Francesco Morlacchi , Recitative Notte tremenda from the opera Teobaldo ed Isolina (published by F. T. Latour, London)
- Giovanni Paisiello , aria Quant e piu bella from La molinarella opera with variations for harp (ed. Burchall, London 1805 )
- Joseph Woelfl , “Dance of the Shawl” with variations for harp, from the ballet of the opera La belle laitière (published by Janet, Paris - Bircholl, London)
- Joseph Woelfl, pas de deux for flute and harp from the ballet Alzira
Works on Dizi
- Joseph Woelfl, Duet for harp and piano , opus 37, 1805 .
- Federigo Fiorillo , Two Sonatas for Harp with Violin and Flute , Opus 36, 1807 [5] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Date of death given by Zingel . Some sources, including Cowden , cite November 1847 as the date of death:
- Hans Joachim Zingel. Harp music in the nineteenth century. - Indiana University Press, 1992. - P. 13. - 112 p. - ISBN 9780253368706 .
- Robert H. Cowden. Instrumental virtuosi: a bibliography of biographical materials . - Greenwood Press. - P. 105. - 349 p. - (Music reference collection).
- ↑ Disy, Francois Joseph // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Fétis F.-J. Biographie universelle des musiciens et bibliographie générale de la musique . - 2 ed. - Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot freres, fils et Co, 1866. - Vol. 3. - P. 29. - 480 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dobrokhotova V. B., Dobrokhotov B. V. Introductory article // Sonatas, variations and fantasies for harp. - M. , 1964. - Issue. 1 . - S. 5 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Kassler M. Music entries at Stationers' Hall, 1710-1818 . - Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2004 .-- P. 502, 579, 587, 670. - 741 p. - ISBN 0-7546-3458-2 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Malou Haine, Nicolas Meeùs. Dizi, Francois Joseph // Dictionnaire des facteurs d'instruments de musique en Wallonie et à Bruxelles du 9e siècle à nos jours . - Editions Mardaga, 1986. - P. 141. - 765 p. - ISBN 9782870092507 .
- ↑ Moving to Paris dates from 1828 according to Haine, Meeùs and Biographie générale ; Fetis op. cit. and after him many other sources date the move in 1830. However, already on December 11, 1828, Dizi requested a patent in Paris for his improvement of the harp. The patent was obtained on February 24, 1829 : Dizi was named a composer living in Paris on the street. <sup> Fiakra 5. Today at this address is a five-story building, built around 1900.
- Malou Haine, Nicolas Meeùs. Dizi, Francois Joseph // Dictionnaire des facteurs d'instruments de musique en Wallonie et à Bruxelles du 9e siècle à nos jours . - Editions Mardaga, 1986. - P. 141. - 765 p. - ISBN 9782870092507 .
- Biographie générale des Belges morts ou vivants hommes politiques, membres des assemblées délibérantes, ecclésiastiques militaires, savant, artistes et gens de lettres . - Brussels : G. Deroovers, 1850. - P. 74. - 272 p.
- ↑ Denise Yim. Viotti and the Chinnerys: a relationship charted through letters . - Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2004. - P. 8. - 293 p. - ISBN 9780754631613 .
- ↑ Robin Humphrey Legge. Parish-Alvars, Eli // The Dictionary of National Biography . - 1885-1900. - Vol. 43.
- ↑ Marie-Paule Rambeau. Chopin: l'enchanteur autoritaire . - Editions L'Harmattan. - P. 308. - 957 p. - (Univers musical). - ISBN 9782747587884 .
- ↑ 1 2 Court magazine and monthly critic and lady's magazine . - Dobbs & Co., 1834. - Vol. 5. - P. 88. - 264 + xxxii p.
- ↑ Wenonah Milton Govea. Nineteenth- and twentieth-century harpists: a bio-critical sourcebook . - Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995. - Vol. 1069. - P. 62. - 330 p. - (Bio-critical sourcebooks on musical performance). - ISBN 9780313278662 .
- ↑ Notíce des products de l'industrie française précedée d'une historique des exposìtìons anterieures: Exposition de 1834 sur le Place de la Concorde . - Paris: Everat, 1834. - P. 15, 16. - 276 p.
- ↑ Bureaux de la France industrielle. La France industrielle: encyclopédie des arts, du commerce, de l'agriculture et de l'industrie, et de l'industrie française . - Paris: P. Baudouin, 1836. - P. 159. - 394 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Hans Joachim Zingel. Harp music in the nineteenth century. - Indiana University Press, 1992. - P. 13. - 112 p. - ISBN 9780253368706 .