Gymnastics

Gymnastics

Gymnastics

Gymnastics

Gymnastics - a sport that includes competitions in gymnastic apparatus, floor exercises and vaults. In the modern gymnastics all-around program: for women - on uneven bars of different heights , logs , vaults , floor exercises ; for men - in floor exercises , vaults , on a horse , rings , parallel bars and a crossbeam .

History of Gymnastics

The term "gymnastics" first appears among the ancient Greeks during the heyday of the ancient Greek culture in the 8th century BC. e. However, gymnastic exercises were cultivated in the ancient world. Even 4000 years before our era in China, India and other nations, gymnastic exercises were used for medicinal purposes. Chinese books of those times indicate that there was gymnastics in China, which was practiced at home in the morning and evening. The currently widely known system of gymnastic exercises of Indian historical sources (monuments, frescoes, drawings) is known that gymnastic exercises were used by all ancient peoples: Egyptians, Persians, Assyrians, Transcaucasia peoples, Romans, etc. Gymnastic exercises were part of the physical education system back in ancient Greece , they served as a means of preparing young men for participation in the Olympic Games . From the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries, exercises on gymnastic apparatus and vaulting were used in Western European and Russian systems of physical education. In the second half of the 19th century, a number of countries in Western Europe began to hold competitions in certain types of gymnastic exercises. The first competition in Russia took place in 1885 in Moscow .

Gymnastics in the USSR

In the USSR, the development of gymnastics in the 1930s was associated with the implementation of Vsevobuch . The 1st USSR championship in gymnastics all-around took place in 1928 as part of the All-Union Spartakiad in Moscow; 2nd — with the participation of women — in 1932. Since then, championships have been held regularly, since 1939 and for individual types of all-around events, since 1936 - all-union competitions of schoolchildren, since 1955 - to the USSR Cup in all-around events.

The formation and development of gymnastics in the USSR is associated with the names of such teachers and trainers as V.V. Sokolovsky, G.S. Egnatoshvili, B.N. Astafiev, A.S. Bakradze, M., L.P. Orlov, N N. Mironov et al. Athletes M. V. Tyshko, T. A. Demidenko. E. A. Bokovoi, G. N. Urbanovich, G. V. Rtskhiladze, M. D. Dmitrieva, A. M. Ibadulaev, N. P. Sery, M. D. Kasyanik, A. I. Dzhordzhadze, E. I. Gavrilova, A.P. Koltanovsky and others.

In 1937, Soviet gymnasts first participated in international competitions - at the 3rd World Workers Olympiad in Antwerp , where they became winners in the men's and women's team championships. In 1949, the USSR Gymnastics Federation (founded in the early 1930s as an all-union section) became a member of the international federation; since 1952, Soviet gymnasts have been participating in the Olympic Games , since 1954 - in the world championships and since 1955 - in Europe (European championships for women have been held since 1957). Some gymnastic apparatus, such as a horse, existed in antiquity. On the horse did gymnastic exercises that help to master horseback riding. In ancient times, gymnastics was also used for medicinal purposes in India and China, but there they turned into spiritual practices, peculiar pagan religions (for example, yoga) and therefore did not have the same mass as in Greece and Rome, where gymnastics was just the training of warriors.

Olympic competitions were held for 1168 years (776 BC - 392 BC), including wrestling, javelin, discus throwing, long jumps, running, fist fighting, chariot riding. The main goal of these games is the military training of young men. We ran with a shield, jumped with dumbbells, the fight turned into boxing, and fistfight took place with the help of solid leather, and not softening bandages on the arm. In 393, gymnastics was banned, as it continued to have a pagan foundation and had a bad effect on the moral education of young people.

Gymnastics Competitions: The Olympic Games are the most prestigious gymnastics championships. The World Gymnastics Championship is an annual international championship that has been held since 1903. European Championships in gymnastics - the largest competition between representatives of European countries in gymnastics.