The voiced postalveolar spirant is a consonant sound present in many languages. In some languages, for example, English and French , it is sometimes exaggerated , although this is usually not indicated in phonetic transcription as it should ([ʒʷ]). For a Russian-speaking person, the sound resembles a little softened [w].
| Voiced postalveolar sibilant | |
|---|---|
| ʒ | |
Picture
| |
| MFA Number | 135 |
| Unicode (hex) | U + 292 |
| HTML (decimal) | & # 658; |
| X-SAMPA | Z |
| Kirshenbaum | Z |
| Cyrillic | well |
| MFA Braille | |
| Other designations | ž |
Properties
- The method of education is hissing fricative , because the air stream is directed along the groove on the back of the tongue to the sharp ends of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
- At the place of formation, the sound is classified as postalveolar, or, equivalently, palo-alveolar (if in Russian, then palatine-gingival) - it is articulated by the front of the tongue behind the gingival tubercle.
- The sound is sonorous , because when it is pronounced, the vocal cords vibrate.
- This is an oral consonant , which means that the sound passes only through the mouth (not through the nose).
- The consonant is central , because the air stream passes in the center of the tongue, and not on the sides.
- The mechanism of formation of an air stream - pulmonary expiratory (eggressive), that is, sound is produced by expelling air from the lungs through the vocal tract , and not through the glottis or mouth.
Transcription
To designate it, the MFA uses the symbol ʒ , similar to the pharmacy symbol of drachma , and in X-SAMPA , the capital Z. In some English-speaking, especially American sources, the sound is denoted as ž , that is, z with a pop .
Examples
| Tongue | Word | MFA | Value | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avar | Well aka | [ˈƷaqʼːa] | 'Today' | ||
| Azerbaijani | pə j mürdə | [pæʒmyrˈdæ] | 'sad' | ||
| Albanian | zh urmë | [ʒuɾmə] | 'noise' | ||
| Angassian | zh aam | [ʒaːm] | 'chin' | ||
| English | vi si on | [ˈVɪʒən] | 'vision' | See English Phonology | |
| Arab | Maghreb [1] | زوج | [ʒuʒ] | 'two' | See Arabic phonology |
| Armenian | ժ ամ | [ʒɑm] listen | 'hour' | ||
| Berber | Kabilsky | j eddi | [ʒəddi] | 'my grandfather' | |
| Bertha | [ŋɔ̀nʒɔ̀ʔ] | 'honey' | |||
| Bulgarian | m y f | [mɐˈʒɤt] | 'the man' | ||
| Hungarian | ró zs a | [r̪oːʒɒ] | 'the Rose' | See Hungarian phonology | |
| Vepsian | vī ž | [viːʒ] | 'five' | ||
| Volamo | [aʒa] | 'bush' | |||
| Gvichin | zh òh | [ʒôh] | 'wolf' | ||
| Goemai language of the West Chadian branch | zh iem | [ʒiem] | 'sickle' | ||
| Dutch | gara g e | [ɣaraʒə] | 'garage' | See Dutch phonology | |
| Georgian [2] | ჟ ურნალი | [ʒuɾnali] | 'magazine' | ||
| West Frisian | bagaa zj e | [bɑgaʒǝ] | 'luggage' | ||
| Hebrew | ז ' קט | [ʒaket] | 'jacket' | See the phonology of modern Hebrew | |
| Yiddish | אָראַנ זש | [ɔʀanʒ] | 'orange' | See the Yiddish phonology | |
| Ingush | female / ž ii | [ʒiː] | 'sheep' | ||
| Spanish | Nekot. Yu.-Amer. dialects [3] | y o | [ʒo̞] | 'I' | See Spanish phonology and eismo |
| Italian | Tuscan | pi g iare | [piʒare] | 'crush' | See Italian Phonology |
| Kabardinsky | w ig | [ʒɪɣʲ] | 'tree' | ||
| Corsican | ghje sg ia | [ˈJeːʒa] | 'church' | Also in Gallure | |
| Ladino | mu j er | [muʒɛʀ] | 'woman' | ||
| Latvian | ž āvēt | [ʒaːveːt] | 'smoke' | See Latvian phonology | |
| Livonian | kū ž | [kuːʒ] | 'six' | ||
| Lithuanian | ž mona | [ʒmoːna] | 'wife' | ||
| Macedonian | w aba | [ʒaba] | 'toad' | See Macedonian phonology | |
| Megrelian | ჟ ირი | [ʒiɾi] | 'two' | ||
| Navajo | łi zh | [ɬiʒ] | 'urine' | ||
| Ngwe | Mmockngie | [ʒíá] | 'divide' | ||
| Deutsch | Gara g e | [ɡaˈʁaːʒə] | 'garage' | See German Phonology | |
| Occitan | South Auversky | ar g ent | [aʀʒẽ] | 'money' | |
| Gascon | [arʒen] | ||||
| Persian | مژه | [moʒe] | 'eyelash' | See Persian phonology | |
| Portuguese [4] | j ogo | [ˈƷoɡu] | 'a game' | See Portuguese phonology | |
| Pashto | ژوول | [ʒowul] | 'gum' | ||
| Romanian | j ar | [ʒar] | 'coals' | See Romanian phonology | |
| Russian | Well yes | [ʒaʒdə] | 'thirst' | Some native speakers; standard / ʐ / see phonology | |
| Zapoteksky | Tilquiapan [5] | ll an | [ʒaŋ] | 'anger' | |
| Serbo-Croatian | w ut / ž ut | [ʒut] | 'yellow' | See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
| Sioux | Lakota | waŋ ž i | [wãˈʒi] | 'one' | |
| Slovenian | ž ito | [ʒito] | 'cereals' | ||
| Tagish | [ʒé] | 'what' | |||
| Tadaksahak | [ˈƷɐwɐb] | 'answer' | |||
| Turkish | j ale | [ʒaːle] | 'dew' | See Turkish phonology | |
| Turkmen | ž iraf | [ʒiraf] | 'giraffe' | ||
| Tutchon | Northern | zh i | [ʒi] | 'what' | |
| South | zh ǜr | [ʒɨ̂r] | 'berry' | ||
| Ukrainian | w aba | [ʒɑbɑ] | 'frog' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
| Urdu | ا ژ دہا | [əʒd̪ahaː] | 'the Dragon' | See the phonology of Hindi-Urdu | |
| French [6] | j our | [ʒuʁ] | 'day' | See French Phonology | |
| The language of the Khan of the Atabask branch | zh ùr | [ʒûr] | 'wolf' | ||
| Hindi | अ झ़ दहा | [əʒd̪ahaː] | 'the Dragon' | See Hindi Urdu Phonology | |
| Chechen | female / ƶ iy | [ʒiː] | 'sheep' | ||
| Czech | mu ž i | [muʒɪ] | 'men' | See Czech phonology | |
| Esperanto | manĝa ĵ o | [maɳd͡ʒaʒo] | 'food' | See Esperanto Phonology | |
The Russian sound [g], which is often described in Western literature as a postalveolar spirant, is actually a laminar retroflex spirant .
See also
- Voiced retroflex spirant
- Deaf postalveolar spirant
Notes
- ↑ Watson (2002 : 16)
- ↑ Shosted & Chikovani (2006 : 255)
- ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003 : 258)
- ↑ Cruz-Ferreira (1995 : 91)
- ↑ Merrill (2008 : 108)
- ↑ Fougeron & Smith (1993 : 73)
Literature
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), " European Portuguese ", Journal of the International Phonetic Association T. 25 (2): 90–94 , DOI 10.1017 / S0025100300005223
- Fougeron, Cecile & Smith, Caroline L (1993), " Illustrations of the IPA: French ", Journal of the International Phonetic Association T. 23 (2): 73–76 , DOI 10.1017 / S0025100300004874
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma. & Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), " Castilian Spanish ", Journal of the International Phonetic Association T. 33 (2): 255–259 , DOI 10.1017 / S0025100303001373
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), Tilquipan Zapotec, Journal of the International Phonetic Association T. 38 (1): 107–114
- Shosted, Ryan K. & Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), “ Standard Georgian ”, Journal of the International Phonetic Association T. 36 (2): 255–264 , DOI 10.1017 / S0025100306002659
- Watson, Janet (2002), The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic , New York: Oxford University Press