North Carolina [1] [2] ( eng. North Carolina [ˌnɔrθ kærəˈlaɪnə] ) is a state [3] in the eastern United States , one of the so-called South Atlantic states. The capital is the city of Raleigh . Population - 9 656 401 ( 2011 ).
| US state | |||||
North Carolina | |||||
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State motto | lat Esse quam videri | ||||
State nickname | “The staff of tar workers”, “Tobacco staff”, “Turpentine staff” | ||||
Capital | Roles | ||||
Big cities | Charlotte , Greensboro , Durham , Winston-Salem , Fayetteville , Wilmington | ||||
Population | 9,848,061 people ( 2013 ) 10th US | ||||
| density | 82.7 people / km² | ||||
Square | 28th place | ||||
| Total | 139,390 km² | ||||
| water surface | (9.5%) | ||||
| latitude | 33 ° 50 's sh. at 36 ° 35 's. sh. , 241 km | ||||
| longitude | 75 ° 28 'h. D. 84 ° 19 's. house , 901 km | ||||
Height above sea level | |||||
| maximum | 2037 m | ||||
| average | 210 m | ||||
| minimal | 0 m | ||||
State Acceptance | November 21, 1789 12 in a row | ||||
| before accepting status | Province North Carolina | ||||
Governor | Roy cooper | ||||
Lieutenant Governor | |||||
Legislature | North Carolina General Assembly | ||||
| upper house | Senate of North Carolina | ||||
| Lower Chamber | North Carolina House of Representatives | ||||
Senators | Richard Burr Tom tillis | ||||
Timezone | Eastern American time: VGM -5 / -4 | ||||
Reduction | NC | ||||
Official site | ncgov.com | ||||
The official nickname is “The State of the Desertists” ( English Tarheel State ).
Content
History
Originally inhabited by many Indian tribes, including Cherokee , North Carolina was the first American territory that the British tried to colonize. The famous English court, adventurer and poet Sir Walter Raleigh (Raleigh) , named after the state capital, founded two colonies on the coast of modern North Carolina (then it was considered part of Virginia ) in the late 1580s, but both attempts were unsuccessful. The disappearance of one of them on Roanoke Island remains one of the biggest mysteries of American history.
The name "Caroline" appeared in the second quarter of the XVII century in honor of the King of England and Scotland, Charles I ( lat. Carolus ). By the end of the 17th century, several permanent settlements settled on its territory, which also included South Carolina and Tennessee , forming the province of Carolina . In 1712, North Carolina became governed by a special vice-governor. Seventeen years later, she received the status of a royal colony - the province of North Carolina was formed . In April 1776, North Carolina became the first colony to send delegates to the Continental Congress to vote for independence from the British crown.
North Carolina is one of the thirteen colonies that rebelled against British rule during the American Revolution. On November 21, 1789, North Carolina ratified the Constitution and became the twelfth state in the Union.
Between the American War of Independence and the Civil War, North Carolina took measures to establish state and local government. In 1840, the construction of the state capitol building in Raleigh was completed .
In the middle of the century, the rural and commercial areas of the state became more connected by the construction of a 129-mile (208-kilometer) wooden road, made mostly of planks, known as the “farmer's railway”, from Fayetteville in the east to Betania (north-west of Winston-Salem).
Civil War
In 1860, North Carolina was a slave state with a population of slightly less than 1 million people. Approximately one third of the population were slaves. There were also approximately 30,000 free blacks residing in the state. Somewhat divided in the opinion of whom to support, North or South in the Civil War, North Carolina was the last state to leave the Union in 1861 .
Governor Ellis, the head of state at the start of the war in 1861 , in response to President Lincoln’s call for 75,000 soldiers to put down the “uprising,” replied: “You cannot get any troops from North Carolina . ” However, under his leadership and later under his successor, Governor Zebalon Baird Vance Asheville, elected in 1862 , the state actually provided 125,000 soldiers for the Confederation (Southern States) more than any other state of the South.
There were no major battles directly in North Carolina itself. All the troops of this state mostly fought in all the major battles in northern Virginia. The biggest battle that took place in North Carolina was under Bentonville . It was a vain attempt by Confederate General Joseph Johnston to slow the advance of Union General William Sherman to Carolina in the spring of 1865 . General Johnston surrendered near Durham along with one of the largest armies of the Confederation at the end of April 1865 . It happened a few weeks after General Robert Lee surrendered at Appomattox . North Carolina’s final capitulation took place in Waynesville, Western North Carolina, in May, when the remnants of the Thomas Cherokee Legion laid down their arms.
XX century
In the 20th century, North Carolina became a leader in agriculture and industry. The state's industrial output — mainly textiles, chemicals, electrical equipment, paper, and paper products — ranked eighth in the country in the early 1990s . Tobacco, one of North Carolina’s earliest sources of income, remains vital to the local economy. Relatively recently, technology has become a driving force in the state, especially with the creation of the Research Triangle between Raleigh , Durham and Chapel Hill in the early 1950s .
State system
Legislature - General Assembly ( General Assembly ), consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate ( Senate ), consists of 50 members who elect from among its members the interim chair of the Senate (President Pro Tem of the Senate). The House of Representatives consists of 120 members, who elect from among their members the Speaker and the temporary speaker (Speaker pro Tempore).
Executive power is exercised by the State Council and the Cabinet. The Council of State consists of the Governor of North Carolina , the Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina ( Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina ), the Secretary of State ( Secretary of State ), the Attorney General ( State Treasurer , State Auditor ( State Auditor ), Agriculture Commissioner ( Commissioner of Agriculture ), Insurance Commissioner ( Commissioner of Insurance ), Labor Commissioner ( Commissioner of Labor ), Superintendent of Public Instruction , elected by the people at 4 of the year. A Cabinet consists of 10 secretaries appointed by the governor of North Carolina.
The highest court - the Supreme Court ( Supreme Court ) consists of the chief judge ( chief justice ) and 5 associate judges (associate justices). There is the Court of Appeals , consisting of the Chief Judge and 14 judges.
Geography
The state of the state, in the district of Ash , originates the river New River - in North America [4] .
Cities
| Cities with a population of over 30 thousand as of 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See also
- North Carolina Population
- Art Museum of North Carolina
- North Caroline type battleships
Notes
- ↑ Alaska // World Atlas / comp. and prepare. to ed. PKO "Cartography" in 2009; Ch. ed. G. V. Pozdnyak . - M .: PKO "Cartography": Onyx, 2010. - p. 167. - ISBN 978-5-85120-295-7 (Cartography). - ISBN 978-5-488-02609-4 (Onyx).
- ↑ North Carolina // Dictionary of geographical names of foreign countries / resp. ed. A.M. Komkov . - 3rd ed., Pererab. and add. - M .: Nedra , 1986. - P. 326.
- ↑ Index of geographical names // World Atlas / comp. and prepare. to ed. PKO "Cartography" in 2009; Ch. ed. G. V. Pozdnyak . - M .: PKO “Cartography”: Onyx, 2010. - P. 241. - ISBN 978-5-85120-295-7 (Cartography). - ISBN 978-5-488-02609-4 (Onyx).
- ↑ New River Archive dated August 25, 2014 on the Wayback Machine (eng.) On dgif.virginia.gov