Orth, August

August Orth grew up in a large family of a farmer, who in 1834 moved to the city suburb of Lengefeld ( German Lengefeld ), now belonging to the city of Korbach in the federal state of Hesse .

Following the end of the Korbach gymnasium in August 1848, Orth began to study architecture at the Braunschweig Technical University with a parallel visit to the Academy of Painting, but two years later he transferred to the Berlin Academy of Architecture ^[3] .

His teachers of the "era after" Karl Schinkel adhered to various architectural trends. Strict Classicism was advocated by Friedrich August Stüler , Johann Heinrich Strack ( German: Johann Heinrich Strack ) ^[4] and especially the architectural theorist Karl Bötticher ( German: Karl Bötticher ). For the development of a new building art advocated Wilhelm Stier ( German: Wilhelm Stier ) ^[5] .

In 1854, August Orth passes the exam for a superintendent, but the instability of the political and economic situation hinders the successful start of his architectural career. He temporarily switches to painting, which he studies at the Berlin Academy of Arts , and then at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts.

Since 1852, A. Hort has been a member of the "Association of Architects of Berlin" and participates in competitions to declare his urban planning abilities. His sketch of the princely palace was presented at a competition in 1855, and the following year he won the Schinkel Prize for designing a church for the Humboldt harbor in the Mitte district of Berlin. However, this project could not be realized due to lack of funding.

After internship trips to southern Germany with stops in Heidelberg , Marburg , Nuremberg and first practice in the Rhine region, August Org in 1858 passes the final exam at the Berlin Academy of Architecture. This was followed (1859-1860) by overseas trips for internships in southern France , Italy , Sicily .

The short-term work of A. Hort (1861-1863) in the Lower Silesian Railway Company made him loyal to railway transport for a long time. Additionally, he started a private business in the community with the family of architect Eduard Knoblauch .

The “railway king” Bethel Henry Straussberg supplied Augustus Hort, as his home architect, with orders, for example, to build a personal palace in central Berlin (1867–1868), a suburban residence in Bohemia (1869–1871). Even the order for the construction of the Berlin livestock market (1868–1874) was received by A. Orth through B. Strussberg, who controlled a command partnership ^[5] .

In the years 1871-1873, A. Ort prepared two memoranda for the design of the central Berlin railway using viaducts and four rows of rail tracks. This project, however, was qualified as going beyond real possibilities; nevertheless, Augusta Horta is considered the spiritual father of the modern Berlin city electric train ( German S-Bahn Berlin ).

Since 1865, A. Ort has been researching the acoustics of internal spaces and uses his knowledge in the construction of churches.

Out of the total number of cult buildings with good acoustics built in Berlin according to the designs of A. Hort, two churches - Gethsemane (1891–1893) and Zionskirche (1866–1873) became known far beyond Germany thanks to the activity of church communities during the peaceful revolution (1989– 1990) ^[6] .

Religious buildings designed by A. Horta were also built in other cities, for example, in Pirmont , Naiss , Essen , Bethlehem .

The official recognition of the professional merit of August Hort was expressed in the consistent assignment of the following titles to him: Advisor on Construction (1877), Privy Advisor on Urban Planning (1893) and Higher Privy Advisor on Architecture (1896).

In 1873, Hort was elected a full member of the Berlin Academy of Arts , and in 1893 - the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts .

In Pirmont, Augustus Orth was awarded the title of “Honorary Citizen of the City of Korbach ”, where he studied at the gymnasium ^[7] .

After professional internships in England , Spain , Italy , France and Switzerland, Ort spent the rest of his life at the Berlin address Anhalter Strasse, house 13 ( German Anhalter Straße ).

August Orth died on May 11, 1901 after an operation in a Berlin hospital ( German: Lazarus-Krankenhaus ). There is a family burial place at Holy Trinity Cemetery II ( German: Dreifaltigkeitskirchhof II ) in Kreuzberg , where, apart from Augustus, his sister Maria Ort, an artist (1830-1910), and his brother Albert Ort, an agronomist and founder of agricultural cartography (1835-1915) ) ^[5] .

A wide overview of the works of August Hort is given by original illustrations (total number - 674) in the Architectural Museum of the Berlin Technical University .

Unfulfilled Projects

• 1858: Sketch of the Berlin City Hall , significantly influencing the completed project of G.F. Wesemann ( German: Hermann Friedrich Waesemann )
• 1862: Sketch of St. Thomas Church ( German St.-Thomas-Kirche ) in Berlin
• 1868: Sketch of the Berlin Cathedral
• 1871: Plan of the central railway ( German: Centralbahn ) in Berlin
• 1871 and 1874: Sketches for laying the street of Kaiser Wilhelm in Berlin
• 1872: sketch of the Reichstag in Berlin
• 1873: Sketch of the Stettin Station ( German Stettiner Bahnhof ) in Berlin, together with architect E. Knoblauch ( German E. Knoblauch )
• 1875-1876: Sketch of the development of the Museum Island with the intersection of the Berlin city train line
• 1880: Sketch of the reconstruction of the German Cathedral on the Gendarmenmarkt in Berlin
• 1882: Sketch of the Thanksgiving Church ( German: Dankeskirche ) in "ZOO"
• 1885: sketch of a synagogue in Berlin
• 1886: Underground expansion project to the west of Zimmerstrasse ( German: Zimmerstraße ) in Berlin
• 1897: Design of stone high viaducts for railway transport in central Berlin
• A sketch of the bazaar on Unter den Linden in central Berlin

Religious buildings

• 1867-1873: Zionskirche , Berlin. Preliminary sketch by Gustav Möller ( German: Gustav Möller )
• 1872-1874: Church in Bad Pyrmont
• 1879: Evangelical Church of Christ ( German: Christuskirche ) in Ahaus
• 1882–1883: Thanksgiving Church ( German: Dankeskirche ) on Weddingplatz ( German: Weddingplatz ) in Berlin (destroyed during World War II)
• 1884: Burial in Weissense , Berlin
• 1885–1886: Evangelical Garrison Church in Naiss
• 1888–1891: Peace Church ( German Friedenskirche ) on Ruppiner Strasse ( German Ruppiner Straße ) in Berlin
• 1889–1891: Evangelical Church in Wroclaw
• 1890-1893: Gethsemane Church on Stargarder Strasse ( German: Stargarder Straße ) in Berlin
• 1890-1893: Emmauskirche on the Lausitzer Platz ( German Lausitzer Platz ) in Berlin
• 1891–1893: Church of the Ascension ( German: Himmelfahrtskirche ) in Humboldhain, Berlin (destroyed during World War II)
• 1894-1895: Church of the Cross ( German: Kreuzeskirche ) in Essen
• 1900-1901: Cemetery chapel in Mariendorf , Berlin
• Evangelical Church in Bethlehem

Secular buildings and miscellaneous

• 1861/1862: Central Railway Workshop in Witten
• 1864-1866: Railway bridge over the Landver Canal in Berlin
• 1865: Royal Pavilion of Halbah Railway Station
• 1865: Villa Loring ( German: Villa Loring ) in southern Spain / Malaga
• 1865: Bridge over the Spree River in Berlin
• 1866-1868: Görlitz station ( German Görlitzer Bahnhof ) in Berlin
• 1867-1868: Palace of B. Straussberg ( German: Palais Strousberg ) on Wilhelmstrasse in Berlin (destroyed during the Second World War)
• 1868-1874: Livestock market on Brunnenstrasse ( German: Brunnenstraße ) in Berlin
• 1869-1871: Palace in Bohemia
• 1875: Residential buildings (together with E. Knoblauch) on Königgrtzer Strasse ( German: Königgrätzer Straße ) in Berlin (destroyed)
• 1875-1888: Residential buildings in Braunschweig
• 1878: Arc de Triomphe for William I to enter Berlin
• 1880: Clubhouse on Schadstrasse ( German: Schadowstraße ) in Berlin (destroyed)
• 1881-1882: Residential buildings on the Kurfürstenstrasse (with it. - “Kurfürstenstrasse”) (destroyed) and on Leipzig street , 31/32 in Berlin
• 1888: Funeral decoration of the Palace Bridge in Berlin on the occasion of the death of William I
• OK. 1890: Pavilion of the family crypt of Albert Asher Michaelis ( German: Albert Ascher Michaelis ) at the Jewish Cemetery in Weissensee , Berlin ^[8]
• 1891: Pavelwitz Palace ( German: Schloss Pavelwitz ), Wroclaw ^[9]

Treatises

• Berliner Centralbahn. Eisenbahnprojekt zur Verbindung der Berliner Bahnhöfe nach der inneren Stadt. Berlin 1871.
• Denkschrift über die Reorganization der Stadt Berlin. Berlin 1871.
• Neue Viehmarkt- und Schlachthaus-Anlage zu Berlin. Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1872.
• Die Zionskirche zu Berlin. Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1874.
• Zur baulichen Reorganization der Stadt Berlin. Zwei Denkschriften und eine am Schinkelfeste 1875 gehaltene Festrede. Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1875.
• Entwurf zu einem Bebauungsplan für Strassburg. Bearbeitet von August Orth. EA Seemann, Leipzig 1878.
• Die Zukunft Charlottenburgs in Beziehung zu den neuen Verkehrswegen und zur Einverleibung in Berlin. Berlin 1881.
• Die Dankeskirche in Berlin. Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1890.
• Anlagen zur Erzielung einer guten Akustik. In: Josef Durm (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Architektur, Teil 3: Die Hochbau-Constructionen, Band 6. Bergsträsser, Darmstadt 1891.

• Günther Hahn: Entwürfe eines Architekten aus der zweiten Hälfte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. August Orth. (Typoskript) Dissertation, Technische Universität Berlin 1954. ( Eintrag im Katalog der DNB ) (German)
• Uwe Kieling: Berliner Privatarchitekten und Eisenbahnbaumeister im 19. Jahrhundert. (= Miniaturen zur Geschichte, Kultur und Denkmalpflege Berlins , Nr. 26.) Berlin 1988. (German)
• Angela Nickel: Ein Architekt im Übergang. August Orth (1828-1901) . In: Berlinische Monatsschrift 3/1996 beim Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein | Luisenstädtischen Bildungsverein. (German)

• August Orth: Projekte im Architekturmuseum der Technischen Universität Berlin. (German)