Cluj-Napoca

Cluj-Napoca
	City
Cluj-Napoca
	room. Clubs-napoca
A country	Romania
The priest	Cluj
Mayor	Emil Bock
History and Geography
Based
Square	179.5 km²
Center height
Timezone	UTC + 2 , in summer UTC + 3
Population
Population	324,576 people ( 2011 )
Density	1808 people / km²
Nationalities	Romanians and Hungarians
Denominations	Orthodox, Catholics and other denominations
Digital identifiers
Telephone code	+40 x64
Postcode	400xyz
Car code
	primariaclujnapoca.ro (rum.)

Cluj-Napoca ( Rum. Cluj-Napoca [ˈkluʒ naˈpoka] ), until 1974 - Cluj , also Kolozhvar ( Hungarian Kolozsvár [ˈkoloʒvaːr] ), Klausenburg ( German Klausenburg ) - a city in the north-west of Romania ( the second largest city in the country after the capital ), the administrative center of the County (county) Cluj .

Content

History

After the conquest of Dacia at the beginning of the 2nd century by the Roman Empire, Emperor Trajan founded the base of the Roman Legion, known as Napoca , which became one of the main centers of Romanization of the autochthonous Dacian population of Roman Dacia. During the Great Migration of Nations, Napoca was destroyed, but a certain amorphous Roman-speaking culture was preserved in the vicinity of the city. In the 6th – 10th centuries, the Romance-speaking Wallachians intensively contacted the migrating Slavic tribes, and after the 12th century the core of the Romanian Dacia ( Transylvania ) was conquered by the Hungarians for a long time. The city received the name Cluj, before that it also bore the Hungarian - Kolozhvar. The city received its historical Roman name only under Ceausescu in the 1970s, the double name Cluj-Napoca is still often used.

Middle Ages

Monument to the King of Hungary Matthias I in the city of Kolozhvar (now Cluj-Napoca). 1900 year

The region was conquered by the Hungarians and became part of the Kingdom of Hungary . King Istvan V supported the Transylvanian Saxons in establishing a colony near the ruins of Roman Napoca. In 1270, Cluj received the status of a city and began to grow rapidly.

New time

In the XIX - early. XX centuries, the city turned into the most important center of Magyarization . The proportion of Hungarians in it reached 81.6% (51.192 people) by 1910 . The Romanian elite underwent Magyarization as far back as the Middle Ages , and the bulk of the Romanian population that remained in the district occupied extremely low social levels in it.

As part of Austria-Hungary, he had the German name Klausenburg.

Recent History

In 1918, the city came under the control of Romania, the Romanian policy began, and the Romanian Hungarians were in the position of a national minority. In 1940-1944, the city again passed to Hungary, within the borders of the so-called Hungarian Northern Transylvania , anti-Romanian protests began again in it. The share of Hungarians in it reached 85.7% (98.502 people) by 1941 . The city finally became Romanian after 1945. The proportion of Hungarians in it decreased significantly, although they still remain the main minority of the city.

Population

As of 2011, the population of the city is 309.1 thousand inhabitants. National composition:

Romanians - 247,548 people (80.07%);
Hungarians - 49375 people (15.97%);
gypsies - 3274 people (1.05%);
Germans - 520 people (0.16%);
Jews - 152 people (0.05%);
Ukrainians - 130 people (0.04%).

Census ^[2] ^[3]		Ethnic structure
Year	Population	Romanians	Hungarians	Transylvanian Saxons , Germans	Jews	Gypsies	Ukrainians	Serbs	Slovaks	other nations
1453 rating.	6000 ^[4]
1703	7500 ^[5]
1714	5000 ^[6]
1785	9703 ^[5] ^[7]
1835	14,000 ^[5] ^[8]
1850	19 612	4116	12 317	1587	535	585				472
1880	32 831	5618	23,676	1437			four	23	125	1948
1890	37 184	5637	29 396	1357			eight	21	115	650
1900	50 908	7185	41 311	1785			9	22	83	513
1910	62,733	8886	51 192	1678			6	41	107	823
1920	85 509	29 644	42 168	2075	10 638					984
1930	103 840	36 981	55 351	2728	6722	559	237	39	139	1084
1930	103 840	37,029	48,271	2526	13 094	1168	267	57	266	1162
1941	114 984	11 255	98 502	1618	2669	618	36	eleven	46	229
1956	154,723	74 623	77 839	1115	525	237	24	21	24	315
1966	185,663	104 914	76 934	1333	1689	178	42	50	34	489
1977	262 858	173 003	86,215	1480	1009	628	50	28	32	413
1992	328 602	251 697	74 591	937	35	1047	67	sixteen	25	187
2002	317,953	252 433	60,287	734	217	3029	146	12	25	1070

Climate

Climate Cluj-Napoca
Indicator	Jan	Feb	March	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Absolute maximum, ° C	eleven	sixteen	26	27	31	32	37	32	31	26	18	21	37
Average maximum, ° C	0.3	3.2	9.9	15.0	20.3	22.6	24.5	24.3	20.7	14.6	6.3	1.8	13.6
Average temperature, ° C	−3.4	−1.2	4.1	9.0	14.2	16.6	18.2	17.8	14.1	8.5	2,4	−1.5	8.2
Average minimum ° C	−6.5	−4.7	−0.6	3.9	8.6	11.3	12.7	12,2	8.9	3.8	−0.7	−4.2	3,7
Absolute minimum, ° C	−25	−21	−16	−7	−2	2	6	five	−2	−7	−17	−18	−25
Precipitation rate, mm	24	20	22	48	69	95	81	60	36	31	thirty	32	548
Source: World Climate , Weatherbase

Attractions

Lutheran Church

Twin Cities

Athens ( Eng. Αθήνα , Eng. Athinai ), Greece
Be'er Sheva ( Hebrew באר שבע ), Israel
Dijon ( French Dijon ), France
Zagreb ( Croatian Zagreb ), Croatia
East Lansing ( Eng. East Lansing ), pcs. Michigan , USA
Cologne ( German: Köln ), Germany
Columbia ( eng. Columbia ), South Carolina , USA
Korcha ( Alb. Korçë ), Albania
Makati , Philippines
Nantes ( French Nantes ), France
Pécs ( Hungarian. Pécs ), Hungary
Rockford ( Ill . Rockford ), Illinois , USA
São Paulo ( Port. São Paulo ), Brazil
Suwon ( box 수원시, 水原市 ), South Korea
Caracas isp. Caracas , Venezuela
Chacao ( Spanish: Chacao ), Venezuela
Cervia ( Italian: Cervia ), Italy
Zhengzhou ( Chinese trade. 郑州 , ex. 鄭州 , pinyin : Zhèngzhōu ), China

Notes

↑ Comunicat de presă privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensământului Populaţiei şi Locuinţelor - 2011 (neopr.) . Cluj County Regional Statistics Directorate (February 2, 2012). Date of treatment June 14, 2012. Archived June 26, 2012.
↑ Varga E. Census statistics for mother tongue and nationality
↑ Ethnic and demographic structures in Romania according to the 2002 census
↑ History of Cluj , ed. cit., p. 102
↑ ¹ ² ³ Ibidem , p. 222-223
↑ Pascu et al., Clujul (ghid istoric) , 1957, p. 60
↑ Jakab Elek, Kolozsvar Tortenete , II, Okleveltar, Budapesta, 1888, p. 750
↑ Katona Lajos, Kolozsvar terulete es nepessege , în “Kolozsvari Szemle”, 1943, no.4, p. 294

Links

City site (rum.)
Cluj-Napoca - A city that you must visit at least once in your life // lifestyle, October 9, 2015

[INSSE-Cluj-2011-1] Comunicat de presă privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensământului Populaţiei şi Locuinţelor - 2011 (neopr.) . Cluj County Regional Statistics Directorate (February 2, 2012). Date of treatment June 14, 2012. Archived June 26, 2012.

[st-2] Varga E. Census statistics for mother tongue and nationality

[3] Ethnic and demographic structures in Romania according to the 2002 census

[4] History of Cluj , ed. cit., p. 102

[popmediev-5] ¹ ² ³ Ibidem , p. 222-223

[pop2-6] Pascu et al., Clujul (ghid istoric) , 1957, p. 60

[jakabe-7] Jakab Elek, Kolozsvar Tortenete , II, Okleveltar, Budapesta, 1888, p. 750

[8] Katona Lajos, Kolozsvar terulete es nepessege , în “Kolozsvari Szemle”, 1943, no.4, p. 294