Punching in metallurgy is a type of machining of metals and other structural materials by cutting , in which the material being cut or chopped is subjected to significant shear stress before the latter increases above the yield strength of the material. As a result of the shift , one part of the material separates from another. Cutting or felling is one of the oldest types of mechanical processing known to mankind .
Cutting in printing is a process that allows you to cut out a certain form of a printed product with a special stamp. Cutting is carried out on the external contour of the product on special punching or crucible presses. At the same time, an extruded die (knife) of a corresponding form, made to order, is installed in the press. The knife can be of any configuration and complexity.
Also, punching is called punching.
Content
Cutting application
Felling is widely used in the procurement and final stages of production. The advantage of cutting is its lowest energy consumption per unit of material being processed compared to such types of machining as turning , milling , grinding and others. Punching is the most preferred operation in mechanical engineering , since there is practically no shavings , waste from punching is easier to utilize and the cutting rate (productivity) is very high.
Tools and machines for cutting or felling
Cutting down and cutting in various cases is performed using the following tools and machines :
- Manual cutting and felling.
- Chisel : The oldest instrument (cutting of metals and stone). Handicraft production , repair , dismantling , stone carving ( sculpture ).
- Chisel : Single production . Processing of soft materials ( wood , plastic ).
- Scissors : Cutting paper , cardboard , soft sheet metal, fabrics and plastics .
- Mechanical cutting and felling.
- Press scissors : Procurement cutting of metal profiles (circle, square, channel, corner, etc.) and sheet.
- Guillotines : Felling of sheet metal, plastics and paper.
- Stamping presses : Cutting out of sheet metal, plastic, wood and cardboard.
- Blacksmith hammers : Cutting and chopping on the rigging equipment (forge axes) in the forging industry.
- Roller scissors : Cutting and cutting of sheet material in large-scale and mass production .
For the manufacture of tools for cutting and logging used:
- Carbon tool steels: cold cutting.
- Low- and medium-alloyed steels: cold cutting on equipment.
- Die steels: cold and hot cutting.
The value of cutting in metalworking
Literature
- Shmakov VG Forge in the modern economy. - M .: Mashinostroenie, 1990.