Aleksander I Karageorgievich ( Serb. Alexander I Karaђorђeviћ ; December 4 ( 16 ), 1888 - October 9, 1934 ) - regent-heir to the Kingdom of Serbia (1914-1918) and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918-1921); King of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes ( 1921 - 1929 ), King of Yugoslavia ( 1929 - 1934 ). Killed in Marseille in 1934 .
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 Ruler of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Alexander I Karageorgievich | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Predecessor | Peter I Karageorgievich | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Peter II Karageorgievich | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| until 1929 he was the title of King of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Spouse | Maria Romanian | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | Peter II Karageorgievich , Tomislav . Andrew | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Awards of the Russian Empire
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The second son of Peter I and Zorka .
Alexander spent his youth outside Serbia, which was then ruled by the rival Obrenovic dynasty. He was educated in Geneva and St. Petersburg. He came to Serbia when his father was elected king after the May uprising of 1903. After his elder brother George abandoned the throne in 1909, Alexander became the crown prince. He became regent with his father on June 24, 1914, and thus was the supreme commander of the Serbian army in World War I.
After winning the First World War, Alexander became regent of the new Kingdom and king in 1921 after the death of his father. He ruled an autocratic country in which social and national contrasts were present. After the dissolution of the People's Assembly, he proclaimed a dictatorship in 1929, and in 1931 adopted the October Constitution. A group of conspirators from among the Ustasha and the Bulgarian VMRO killed him in Marseille in 1934. His eldest son, Peter, led the country, but because of his minority, it was ruled by Alexander's cousin - Prince Paul .
Content
Biography
The youngest son of Peter I Karageorgievich . In 1906 he graduated from the Page Corps in St. Petersburg .
During the First Balkan War and the Second Balkan War, he commanded the 1st Serbian Army.
In 1913 he was awarded the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called [5] [6] .
Board
After renouncing the right to inherit the throne in 1909, the elder brother of Georgy Karageorgievich , from July 8, 1914, in connection with the illness of his father Peter I, Karageorgievich was appointed Prince Regent of the Serbian Kingdom.
During the First World War he was the supreme commander of the Serbian army.
On September 5, 1914, the Russian emperor Nicholas II awarded him the Order of St. George of the 4th degree, and in 1915 the same order of the 3rd degree [7] .
From December 1918 - Prince Regent of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, from August 16, 1921 - King of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes , from October 3, 1929 - King of Yugoslavia .
Dictatorship
Since 1929 established a military dictatorship based on the principles of corporatism and Serbian nationalism. In foreign policy, he focused on France .
Help for Russian emigration
Alexander Karageorgievich as a graduate of the Page Corps was well acquainted with Russian culture and consciously supported it after the 1917 revolution , becoming the patron of Russian white emigration . He allocated pensions and special benefits for Ivan Bunin, Konstantin Balmont, Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Zinaida Gippius, although they did not live in Yugoslavia. Out of respect for Russian culture, he considered himself obliged to financially support the Russian professors, although scientists taught in two or three places and lived very modestly. Russian scientists, torn from Russia, archives and libraries, tried to make up for this using available funds from the Balkan countries, collections of universities, archives, libraries of Vienna, Berlin, Paris ... Thanks to this, a large amount of data was introduced into the circulation of historical science, which Soviet science often did not disposed of [8] . The Belgrade circle of Russian scientists included Academician G.A. Ostrogorsky , Academician V.A. Moshin , Professor A.V. Soloviev .
The Marseilles kill
On October 9, 1934, Alexander Karageorgievich and French Foreign Minister Louis Bartoux were shot dead in Marseilles by Vlado Chernozemsky , a fighter of the Macedonian nationalist organization WMO , associated with the Croatian Ustash .
On October 9, 2004, by decree of the Patriarch of Serbian Paul, memorial liturgies and memorial services were held in all parishes of the Serbian Orthodox Church for the murdered Serbian King Alexander I Karageorgievich “on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of his martyrdom”. Memorial prayers for a friend of the Russian Church and its people were also held in parishes of the Russian Church Abroad, and meetings were held dedicated to his memory [9] .
Pedigree
| Karageorgievichi | ||||||||
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| Karageorge Petrovich 1762-1817 wife: Elena Jovanovic | Alexa Karageorgievich 1801-1829 | George Karageorgievich 1827-1884 | Alexa Karageorgievich 1858-1920 | |||||
| Bozhidar Karageorgievich 1862-1908 | ||||||||
| Aleksandar Karageorgievich 1806-1885 wife: Persida Nenadovich | Peter I Karageorgievich 1844-1921 wife: Zorka Montenegrin | Elena Petrovna Serbskaya 1884-1962 husband: John Konstantinovich Romanov | see further: Romanovs | |||||
| George Karageorgievich 1887-1972 | ||||||||
| Alexander I Karageorgievich 1888-1934 wife: Maria Hohenzellern | Peter II Karageorgievich 1923-1970 wife: Alexandra Greek | Alexander Karageorgievich 1945 1st wife (1972-1983): Maria da Gloria 2nd wife: Katarina Batis | Peter Karageorgievich 1980 | |||||
| Philip Karageorgievich 1982 | ||||||||
| Alexander Karageorgievich 1982 | ||||||||
| Tomislav Karageorgievich 1928-2000 | ||||||||
| Andrey Karageorgievich 1929-1990 | ||||||||
| Arsen Karageorgievich 1859-1938 wife: Aurora Pavlovna Demidova | Pavel Karageorgievich 1893-1976 wife: Olga Grecheskaya | Alexander Karageorgievich 1924—2016 | ||||||
| Nikola Karageorgievich 1928-1954 | ||||||||
| Elizabeth of Yugoslavia 1936 | ||||||||
Gallery
Alexander I Karageorgievich and Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1933
Sword given to the prince Alexander by the French during WWI 1916
Wife of Alexander I Karageorgievich Queen Maria of Romania, 1931
Map of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and neighboring European countries in the 20-30s. XX century
See also
- Chapel-monument to Emperor Nicholas II and Yugoslav King Alexander I
Notes
- ↑ http://www.royalfamily.org/dynasty/hm-king-alexander-i-of-yugoslavia/
- ↑ 1 2 The Peerage
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118647970 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ Order bearer Nikolai Petrovich
- ↑ First King of Yugoslavia
- ↑ Cavaliers of the Order of St. George Grade 3.
- ↑ Mikhail Alekumov. Russian world. New book by E. Bondareva / Orthodoxy.Ru . www.pravoslavie.ru (1.03.2013). Date of treatment December 8, 2018.
- ↑ Orthodox Church Abroad
Literature
- Crampton, Richard. Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century-And After. - London: Routledge, 1997.
- Hastings, Max. Catastrophe: Europe Goes to War 1914 .-- London: William Collins, 2013.
- Template: Cite article
- Template: Cite article
- Marković, Marko. Povijest Crne legije: Jure i Boban: [ horv. ] . - 2003.
- Passmore, Kevin. Women, gender, and fascism in Europe, 1919-45. - Manchester University Press, 2003.
Links
- Alexander I Karageorgievich - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- Biography on the CHRONOS website
- Alexander I, king of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : in 66 volumes (65 volumes and 1 additional) / Ch. ed. O. Yu. Schmidt . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1926-1947.