Guarani languages (Guarani languages, Guarani language group) is one of the groups of the Tupi-Guarani branch of the Tupi language family in South America . This group of languages separated from other languages of the branch about 2,000 years ago [1] .
The native speakers of this group, the Guaraní people , live in southwestern Brazil , northeastern Argentina , Paraguay and Bolivia .
It includes several languages, grouping and division into languages and dialects differ in different sources:
- Ache (Guayaki) is the language of Paraguayan Indians Ache . About 1,000 people in 2006 [2] . ISO 639-3 code: guq.
- Sheta - a few people among Khaingang in the state of Paraná in Brazil. The native speakers of this language are not known [3] . ISO 639-3 code: xet.
- Guarani dialect cluster ( English Guarani dialects ):
- old guarani (†)
- Paraguayan Guarani - the main representative of a cluster of dialects, more than 4.5 million speakers in Paraguay, one of the official languages of Paraguay.
- Kaiwa (Kayua) - the language of the Brazilian Indians Guarani-Kayuva ( eng. Guarani-Kaiowá ) in the province of Mato Grosso do Sul . About 18 thousand people (as of 2003) [4] . ISO 639-3 code: kgk.
- pay-taviteran - about 600 carriers in Paraguay (as of 2007) [5] . ISO 639-3 code: pta. According to some sources, combined with the kaiwa.
- ava-guarani (chirip) - about 16 thousand people in Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina (as of 2006) [6] . ISO 639-3 code: nhd.
- Nyandeva (Ñandeva) - about 2 thousand people in Paraguay, a few hundred in Bolivia and Argentina (as of 2007) [7] . ISO 639-3 code: tpj. According to some sources, it is combined with chirip.
- Mbya (Mbyá) - about 15 thousand people in Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina (as of 2007) [8] . ISO 639-3 code: gun.
- Eastern Bolivian Guarani (Chiriguano, Ava-Isoseno) - 34 thousand people in Bolivia, about 18 thousand in Argentina and Paraguay (as of 2004) [9] . ISO 639-3 code: gui.
- Western Bolivian Guarani (Simba) - 7 thousand people in the department of Chuquisac in Bolivia (as of 2002) [10] . ISO 639-3 code: gnw.
Many of these groups call themselves Guarani (for example, Mbi and Chiriguano), which causes a lot of confusion.
Notes
- ↑ Guaraní: The Language and People (English)
- ↑ Aché - A language of Paraguay (English)
- ↑ Xetá - A language of Brazil (eng.)
- ↑ Kaiwá - A language of Brazil (eng.)
- ↑ Pai Tavytera (eng.)
- ↑ Ava, Guarani (English)
- ↑ Ñandeva (eng.)
- ↑ Guaraní, Mbyá (English)
- ↑ Guaraní, Eastern Bolivian (English)
- ↑ Guaraní, Western Bolivian (English)