Ecozone

The ecozone , kingdom , biogeographic zone is a unit of biogeographic separation of the Earth’s surface of the highest level, based on the historical and evolutionary distribution of the distribution pattern of plants and animals. Ecozones represent large areas of the earth's surface where flora and fauna developed in relative isolation over a long period of time, separated from each other by large features of the relief, such as the ocean and large deserts or mountain ranges , which created barriers to the migration of animals and plants. Ecozones correspond to floristic zoning in botany or zoogeographic regions in zoology . In other words, they are plants and animals within a region separated by geographical barriers.

Ecozones are characterized by a special evolutionary history of plants and animals living within them. As a rule, within the ecozone, flora and fauna are characterized by a certain uniformity. Biomes are characterized by the appearance of menopause vegetation, regardless of the evolutionary origin of some species of animals and plants. Each ecozone can contain a large number of diverse biomes. The tropical rain forests of Central America , for example, may be similar to the tropical rain forests of New Guinea in terms of the nature of vegetation, climate , soil , etc., however, these forests are inhabited by plants and animals of different evolutionary origin.

The distribution patterns of animals and plants over the Earth’s eco-zones are largely determined by plate tectonics , that is, the distribution of land masses.

The term "ecozone" itself is a relatively recent concept, instead of which, in the same sense, the terms "kingdom", "region", "biogeographic zone" and others have traditionally been used.