Capsicum cayenne , Cayenne pepper - a group of varieties of pepper of the genus Capsicum of the species Capsicum frutescens [1] [2] [3] (shrub pepper [3] [4] ), which, according to some sources [5], is synonymous with the species Capsicum annuum , according to others [3 ] [4] an independent species of the Kapsikum genus. In addition, cayenne pepper can be attributed to a separate species Capsicum chinense Jacq. [3] .
The fruits have a pronounced burning taste [1] [2] [3] due to the content of a significant amount of capsaicin (the degree of burning depends on the variety [2] ). The shape of the fruit is typical for vegetable peppers, but its size reaches the smallest values: with bean [2] (1.5 × 0.5 cm [1] ).
This [1] [2] and other types of very hot [1] [4] red peppers are sometimes called "chili peppers".
Content
Botanical Description
Perennial shrub [3] with a height of 20-120 cm, in protected ground reaches 3 m or more [4] .
Leaves are ellipsoidal, smooth, alternate [4] .
The flowers are mainly white, yellow or purple [4] .
The fruit is a false hollow berry [4] of oblong shape. The wall thickness is 1-2 mm [4] . Color: green, yellow (at the stage of technical [4] (consumer) ripeness), light orange [1] , red and darker shades [2] (with biological maturity [4] ).
History and Production
Capsicum frutescens is an ancient cultivated species in Latin America [3] .
The largest producers: USA California , Mexico , Brazil , Colombia , Guiana , some areas of West Africa , Vietnam , India , Indonesia [2] and some other tropical [1] countries.
Peppers are also grown indoors: in greenhouses , hotbeds , in flower pots and on balconies [2] as a houseplant .
See also
- Burning taste
- Red pepper
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Pokhlebkin, 1973 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Dudchenko, Koziakov, Krivenko, 1989 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Muravyova, 1983 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Andreev .
- ↑ Capsicum frutescens L. is a synonym of Capsicum annuum L. (English) // The Plant List
Literature
- Pokhlebkin V.V. Cayenne pepper ( Capsicum fastigiatum Bl. , Capsicum frutescens ) // All about spices. - M .: Food Industry, 1973. - S. 69-71. - 207 p.
- Dudchenko L.G., Koziakov A.S., Krivenko V.V. Cayenne pepper, chili ( Capsicum frutescens L. ) // Spicy aromatic and spicy flavoring plants: Handbook. - K .: Naukova Dumka, 1989 .-- S. 98. - 304 p.
- Muravyova D.A. Shrubby pepper ( Capsicum frutescens L. ), Capsicum sinense Jacq. // Tropical and subtropical medicinal plants. - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Medicine, 1983. - S. 157-159. - 336 p.
- Vegetable pepper / Andreev Yu.M. // Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. ed. Yu.S. Osipov . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.