Gastrocism [1] ( lat. Gasterochisma melampus ) is a species of rather large ray-finned fish of the mackerel detachment, the only representative of the type of gastrocism [1] ( Gasterochisma ). Difference from other mackerel is rather large scales and the absence of a strong central keel on the caudal stem [2] . The maximum size of the fish exceeds one and a half meters [2] [3] .
| Gustochism |
 |
| Scientific classification |
|---|
| No rank : | Bilateral symmetric |
| Rod: | Gastrochisms ( Gasterochisma Richardson , 1845 ) |
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| International Scientific Name |
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Gasterochisma melampus
Richardson , 1845 |
| Synonyms |
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- Lepidothynnus huttoni Günther, 1889
- Chenogaster holmbergi Lahille, 1903
- Gastrochisma boulengeri
Lahille, 1913
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| Security status |
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Least concernIUCN 3.1 Least Concern : 170340 |
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Content
These pelagic and oceanodrom fishes inhabit the temperate waters of all the oceans of the southern hemisphere between 35 ° S. sh. and 50 ° S. sh. [4] {{ [5] . They are found at depths of up to 200 m. They are most common in water at a temperature of 8 ° —10 ° C. They make seasonal migrations similar to those of the Australian tuna [4] .
The maximum size of the fish is 164 cm. Gastrocism is compressed laterally. Body height 3.5 times less than the length to the end of the middle rays of the caudal fin . Teeth small, conical, arranged in one row. On the first branchial arch 25 stamens. There are 2 dorsal fins separated by a wide gap. In the first dorsal fin there are 17 spiny rays, and in the second there are 10-11 rays. Behind the second dorsal and anal fins there is a row of 6-7 small fins. Pelvic fins of young very large, longer than the head. The pectoral fins are formed by 19-22 rays. Between the ventral fins there is a small single projection split in two. In the anal fin 12 rays. The body is covered with large cycloid scales . The shell in front of the body is missing. On the sides of the caudal stem 2 small keels on either side closer to the caudal fin. The number of vertebrae is 44, of which 23 are in the tail section of the spine. There is a swim bladder . The back is dark blue, the belly is silver without marks [4] .
Not subject to targeted commercial fishing. Caught as by- catch during the Australian tuna fishery using longlines and purse nets . In Japan, their meat is eaten. Of interest to amateur anglers. The maximum mass of trophy fish is 41.3 kg [6] . The International Union for Conservation of Nature rated the conservation status of the species as “Causes the least concern” [3] .
- ↑ 1 2 Reshetnikov Yu. S. , Kotlyar A. N. , Russ T. S. , Shatunovsky M. I. Pyatiazychny dictionary of animal names. Fish. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / edited by Acad. V.E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. laz., 1989. - p. 363. - 12 500 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0 .
- ↑ 1 2 Animal life. Volume 4. Lancelet. Roundup. Cartilaginous fish. Bony fish / ed. TS Rass , ch. ed. V.Ye. Sokolov . - 2nd ed. - M .: Enlightenment, 1983. - P. 535. - 300 000 copies.
- ↑ 1 2 Gasterochisma melampus (English) . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
- 2 1 2 3 Bruce B. Collette, Cornelia E. Nauen. Scombrids of the world. Annotated and approved catalogs, mackerels, bonitos and related species. - FAO species catalog. - Rome, 1983. - Vol. 2. - p. 37-38.
- ↑ Gasterohizm (English) in the database FishBase .
- ↑ IGFA World Record | Kingfish butterfly (Unsolved) . wrec.igfa.org. The appeal date is March 12, 2016.
- View Gasterohizm (English) in the World Register of Marine Species ( World Register of Marine Species ).
