The radio technical complex system (RCS) "Titanit" was created in the late 60s at the Kiev Scientific Research Institute of Radio Electronics (KNIRE) . Chief Designer - B. Touka (received the State Prize for the system). The system is protected by copyright certificate (in the names: I. V. Kudryavtsev , V. N. Kolomiets, V. A. Drapiy, V. Yu. Lapiy, A. M. Podgursky, B. Yu. Tuka, V. L. Cherevko, V. A. Shchekin-Krotov, A. D. Labutin, E. T. Lipatov, G. I. Maksimov, A. A. Nikitin and P. A. Friedenshtein). The system had the original name "Dubrava-1234" and was designed specifically for installation on small rocket ships of the project 1234 .
RCS “Titanit” was a multi - mode radar digital shipboard complex designed to search, support and identify (identify types) surface targets, determine the elements of target movement (EDC) (target movement elements imply the course and speed of targets), and issue target designation to the associated with it is the shipboard control system for the Danube-1234 strike missile weapons.
Content
Operating Modes
Mode "A" (active search mode and tracking detected targets)
The radar transmitter of the active mode worked in a 3-centimeter wavelength range, and had a small average power (several watts). However, the use of this mode always unmasks the strike ship with its own radar radiation and is the least preferred in combat, so its short-term use was assumed as a last resort, if there are no other ways of obtaining the necessary information about the surface enemy, and if the location of the enemy ships is known at least approximately . After detecting a surface single target or a group of enemy targets on the circular view indicator (PIR), the operator RKS "Titanit", sitting at the RKS D51 central console at the main command post (SCC) of a small rocket ship, had the opportunity to produce a radar "capture" of each detected the targets, after which the information and computing complex (CPI) of the TKS ’Titanit’ in just a few tens of seconds determined the elements of the target’s movement, outputted all the target information and provided data to the Danube-1234 system for firing against outrigger cruise missiles P-120 “Malachite” with a calculated lead. After such an application, the ship should immediately, as quickly as possible, leave the area of attack using passive electronic warfare (EW), in order to avoid a counter or retaliatory strike, if possible.
The selection of the target on the ICO screen on the central console was carried out by the senior operator of the RKS, combining with the aid of a joystick-type manipulator a target designator tag with a target mark. The button for assigning a target number and the “capture” button were pressed successively. At the same time it was possible to accompany and generate data for shooting at 3 targets. The system made it possible to cancel radar target acquisition and, if necessary, change the numbering of targets. Accompanied targets along with their EDCs were displayed on the screen of the surface water situation indicator (INO), detailed data on the targets were also displayed on the sign board display, where all the “captured” targets along with their characteristics were displayed by sequence numbers in a table.
The D03 antenna post had two adjacent parabolic mirrors, respectively, forming a “wide beam” or a “narrow beam” in the horizontal plane at the choice of the radiation pattern operator. When choosing a “wide beam,” radar identification of targets was provided by the combined interrogator of the Nichrom-PPM system, whose emitter was located in the focus of the “wide beam” parabolic mirror. When receiving the correct coded response to the request, “its own” target was displayed with a characteristic handle directly above its mark on the PPI. In the vertical plane, both mirrors provided identical wide “petal” directional diagrams, which made it possible to simplify the design of the D03 antenna post, by making it unstabilized by rolling.
Mode "B" (management of joint hostilities (CSS))
RKS "Titanit" provided data generation for firing as a single ship, and operating in the group of three small rocket ships of the project 1234, with one of the three ships was appointed flagship group. The exchange of information between the ships of the group allowed to significantly speed up the production of data for firing and to carry out the distribution of targets designated for shelling between all ships of the group.
The transmission and reception of information was carried out automatically in accordance with the algorithm laid down using a special “B” mode hidden radar channel. The impulse radiation of the information exchange channel had a very low power (milliwatts), and was carried out left or right (depending on the course angle to the group ship), stabilized by pitching D02 parabolic antennas with a narrow pencil pattern. Stabilization of antenna posts D01, D02 left and D02 right was carried out from the ship-wide gyroscopic stabilization system "Nadir".
P mode (passive mode)
This mode was the main one, since at the same time the secrecy and surprise of a missile strike was fully ensured. In the “P” mode, sensitive radar receivers of the centimeter and decimeter wavebands of the D20 RKS “Titanit” instrument panel were used for direction finding of radar stations operating on radiation installed on warships and ships of the enemy. Signal reception was carried out with the help of the stabilized pumping of the antenna post D01 with a parabolic mirror of large diameter. The received radar signals were amplified, cleared of interference and displayed on the screen of the passive mode panoramic indicator on the D51 remote control. With the help of verniers, the senior RKS operator combined and adjusted the variable-length gate with the image of the enemy's radar pulses, successively pressed the target number button and the “capture” button. The data came in the CPI RKS "Titanit". The CPI analyzed the received pulses - the carrier frequency, duty cycle, repetition frequency, the number of revolutions of the radiating antenna per minute, and issued the type of radar based on the available data of radio intelligence, which allowed to confidently determine the type of carrier ship. If it was possible to “detect” several radar workers, then it was possible to get an idea of which enemy ships are crossing the sea, what they are busy at the moment, whether deck aircraft are flying, and to what extent the enemy is ready for combat readiness. Within a few minutes, the RSC Titanit, taking into account the course and speed of its ship (the RCC’s IVC continuously received data from the MGL-50 lag and the GKU-1 gyrocompass ), successfully solved the triangulation problem and calculated the distance to each target and EDC, and the calculated data from over time, continuously updated and refined. If it was necessary to reduce the time to determine the coordinates and the EDC, the attacking small rocket ship, leaving the target on the beam and not losing radar contact with them, performed a tack in either direction at high speed. When the ship acted as part of the group, the distance to targets and EDC were determined much faster and more accurately - the RCS “Titanit” performed triangulation calculations, exchanging information on the B channel of the enemy’s radar radar with the group’s ships, “knowing” the current distance between them. The developed data on targets was clearly presented on the INO, and the details — types of the enemy's radar and elements of their carrier movement — were displayed on a sign board.
The “P” mode was considered the main mode for fighting the main surface enemy - carrier-assault groups (AUG), since they could not maintain full radio silence due to the need to constantly use aviation to patrol airspace and the associated radar equipment, and therefore always showed up long before reaching the distance needed for shooting.
Y (Success) mode
It is difficult to call this mode secretive, since at least one long-range reconnaissance and target designation aircraft Tu-95RTS , equipped with the MRSTS-1 sea radar target designation system, is needed. The plane with the working system MRSTS-1 issued a radar request to bind to the RCS "Titanit". Antenna post D05 received the request signal, and the RCS sent the answer to the receiving point, along which the aircraft parabolic transmitting antenna of the radar image broadcast was oriented in the direction of the small rocket ship. Then, the Titanit RCS, using the D01 antenna post, received the radar image broadcast from the aircraft, while the scanner at the infrared laser automatically synchronized with the rotation of the aircraft antenna of the MRSTS-1 surveillance radar. Thus, for the operator behind the D51 remote control, the picture on the ICE seemed quite similar to the one that would have been obtained when the RCS was operating in “A” mode, but the ship did not radiate anything, “substituting” an airplane for itself, and the image scale was much more for the high-altitude location of the aircraft radar survey antenna. The operator brought the target designator mark to the mark of the detected target or group of targets and switched the sign display to sector indicator mode, which made it possible to significantly increase the area of interest, observe the targets with excellent resolution, and easily and quickly produce their successive radar "capture". The operator consistently combined the reticle tag with target marks on the sector indicator, took targets for auto tracking, assigning numbers to them, and the VCI Titanit CPI determined the elements of target movement and generated data for shooting. Accompanied goals along with their EDCs were clearly displayed on the INO and on the sign board.
H Mode (Navigation)
It was used in a non-combat situation, when the ship was moving near its shores and in narrowness. The radiation parameters of the mode “H” navigation transmitter were hardly strongly distinguishable from the pulses emitted by radio navigation stations of civilian vessels. In the “H” mode, an antenna post D03 was used in a “narrow beam”, without the possibility of radar identification, with a “picture” displayed on the D53 instrument's stand in the wheelhouse of a small rocket ship. The information and computing complex in the “H” mode was not used.
Compatibility of RKS “Titanit” operating modes
Mode mode "B" РКС "Titanit" could be used in combination with any other mode, except mode "H". Mode "A" could be performed together with mode "H", or instead of mode "H", while the transmitter of mode "H" was turned off, and the transmitter of mode "A" was working. Modes “A” or “H” are incompatible with modes “P” and “U”, and modes “P” and “U” are incompatible with each other neither by hardware nor by the logic of their operation.
Some design features of the RCS "Titanit"
As part of the information and computer complex RCS "Titanit" there was a 25-bit specialized computer type CCTVU-6 plus 26 control. Permanent memory contained control and self-test programs. Address, data, and command buses are separate. Four blocks of magnetic random access memory (MOZU), each with a volume of 512 bytes, stored in the ferrite-diode cells information on the emission parameters of American radars of surface ships. The processor consisted of an arithmetic unit and a control unit; the operating frequency was 1 MHz. The interface CCTVU-6 was provided with a device D36, which had precision electronic-mechanical analog-digital converters “shaft-code” of the type PVK-2-12. The element base of CCTVU-6 is specially designed micromodules of the 4H02 type that implement the AND-NES logic function and are powered by a bipolar stabilized voltage of + 6.3V and −6.3V. The logic of representation of numbers is positive - the voltage from 0 to 1.5V corresponded to a logical zero, and from 4.5V to 6.3V to a logical one.
The location of the CCTVU-6 and other devices of the IVK RKS “Titanit”, as well as the RTS engineer’s console, the built-in control and troubleshooting devices is the RTS post (under the officer compartment). Here, along the nasal bulkhead, the instrument stands of the Danube-1234 missile control system were located. Part of the RCS devices was located in the premises of the RCS HF units in the middle part of the superstructure of a small rocket ship. All instrument racks of the RCS “Titanit” were hermetically closed, their cooling was carried out with the help of air conditioners located right there that maintain the specified temperature with a fully closed air duct air circulation system. Waveguide pathways of the RCS “Titanit” had cyclic silica gel drying.
Staff
Four naval sailors, two officers and two midshipmen: the head of the ship’s radio engineering service, a radio equipment engineer, a radio observation technician and a computer technician, carried out the operation and combat use of the Titanit RCS.
Monolith-T
The continuation of the “Titanit” system is the “ Monolith-T ” system, which has a large information content of passive radar (by increasing the frequency range and increased range of active and passive channels, etc.). The original modification of the Monolit-T system and a number of subsequent modifications were developed under the direction of B. I. Tuka and V. V. Danilevich, as well as V. I. Lebed, V. P. Solovyov, V. M. Parfiryeva, V. M Abalshnikova, N. I. Andrusenko, A. A. Permilovsky and I. G. Kobylyansky.
Notes
Links
- Radio-electronic means of lighting the surface and air situation
- The pioneers of the computerization of shipboard electronic systems
- Long-range reconnaissance and target designation aircraft Tu-95RTS
- Tu-95RTs
- Kasatonov V.F. Testing Seaman Andrei Ilyin (novella). City of Brest, 2010.
- Small rocket ships and rocket boats
- Likely scenario Russian-Japanese war-2