Devices for female urination are devices that facilitate, above all, for women leading an active lifestyle, the task of performing urination in a standing position. The necessity and possibility of such adaptations was expressed by activists of the women's movement in connection with the inclusion of an increasing number of women from the end of the 19th century into public life, tourism and sports, and participation in public events, including in the absence, insufficient and / or unsatisfactory sanitary -gigienicheskogo state at such events public spaces, which makes it difficult for women usual due to the nature of their location of the urethra (urethritis) mo eispuskanie in a sitting position.
After analyzing the work on anatomy and physiology and the solution of urination problems in men, activists concluded that it is possible to avoid contact of the pelvic area with a potentially contaminated toilet seat when the body is vertical or close to it. However, there was the problem of possible splashing of the feet and surrounding surfaces.
She received two main types of solutions, one of which was the approximation of the stationary sanitary device in height to the external opening of the urethra. So the idea of female urinals appeared . Another line of thought was the development of ways to control the direction of the stream of urine, like those of men. To implement such control, both non-instrumental techniques and special small devices were proposed that required training and self-study, as if extending beyond the pelvic cavity, like the male route of a female urethra.
Non-instrumental methods of controlling the direction of the urine stream while standing upright provide for special attentive familiarization of women with the location of their urogenital organs, the outer part of which, unlike that of men, is out of the line of sight of their owners, as well as the development of greater control over the pelvic floor muscles. To direct the jet in front of them, women can learn to help themselves, with their fingers pushing out the outer — large , and then the inner — small labia , which can cover the external opening of the urethra and deflect the jet in an undesirable direction [1] .
The design of individual portable devices is based on the shape of a tube, a funnel , but there are others. Although women can urinate while standing and without special tools [2] [3] , these devices are quite popular due to the substantial simplification of the process [4] .
Patented back in 1922, these devices have a long history. The Sanitary Protector application filed in August 1918 by Edith Lacy describes a disposable disposable device that is sanitary for public toilets, as it becomes unnecessary to sit on a public toilet seat and urine does not contaminate the user's clothes and seat. Such a device was proposed to be made from cheap, easily recyclable materials, such as thick paper [5] . A similar device was patented in 1956: an effective conductor of urine for use by women, for use in a comfortable standing position [6] . There were still about half a dozen similar devices with a similar purpose and form, which were patented at the end of the 20th century [7] .
Mass production and widespread adaptation began in 1996 in France [8] . The practice of providing such devices at large festivals, in which it is difficult to provide a sufficient number of toilets, has become widespread; it first happened at the Pinkpop 2000 festival , and is now found in the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, Finland, Ireland and the UK [9] , including Russia. The use of tubular and funnel-shaped devices may require little prior training and self-study: the woman must understand how and where to apply the device and how to effectively manage the jet flow. The funnels of the type represented by the Fusionella brand are able to cover almost the entire area of the external female genitalia, which have a wider bell-shaped bell, and present no difficulties for imposing on the body, while the more compact narrow tubes produced by the Travelmate brand cover only a very small area around the external opening of the urethra and require precise attachment to it.
A woman shows in a urinal how a device is used for female urination.
Female urinal. The photo shows a diagram showing that the female urinal of this design should be used half-back to it
A portable device for imparting the desired direction to the stream of urine during female urination of the Fusionella brand, capable of covering the entire area of the external female urinary organs with a wide end
Reusable portable device for giving the right direction to the urine stream during female urination of the Travelmate brand with a narrow rear end, designed to cover only a small area around the external opening of the urethra
See also
- Burdalu
Notes
- ↑ How to pee standing up with put a device . wikiHow .
- ↑ Female urinals: facts and fables
- ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20030604104917/http://restrooms.org/standing.html . Archived June 4, 2003.
- ↑ How to urinate up . wikiHow .
- ↑ US Patent 1407872 Sanitary Protector (February 1922)
- US Patent 2,878,486 Sanitary Device (January 1956)
- ↑ For example:
- US Patent 3,964,111 Urine Holding apparatus (June 1976)
- US Patent 3,995,329 Female urinary device (December 1976)
- US Patent 4,756,029 Feminine urinary device (July 1988)
- US Patent 5,370,637 Collapsible female urination aid (December 1994)
- US Patent 5408703 Female urination aid (April 1995)
- US Patent 5,966,748 Tinkle Safe (October 1999)
- US Patent 6434757 Female standing urination cone (October 2000)
- ↑ Urinelle - the urination funnel for women
- ↑ Nieuwe kansen voor plastuit (nid.) (January 24, 2006).