depicting attitude to manifest
Manifesto of the Duke of Braunschweig ( French manifeste de Brunswick , German: Manifest des Herzogs von Braunschweig ) - appeal to the people of revolutionary France, the commander of the united Austro-Prussian army Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Braunschweig (1735-1806).
Content
Background
On April 20, 1792, revolutionary France Austria . Already on April 28, the French army invaded the Austrian Netherlands . Concerned about the development of the revolution, Prussia entered into an agreement with Austria to fight revolutionary France and restore the power of Louis XVI . In the summer, the Allies began the concentration of troops in Koblenz , on the French border with the Trier Archbishopric .
Content and Authorship
Shortly before the invasion of France, on July 25, 1792, a manifesto was issued in Koblenz signed by the Duke of Braunschweig, addressed to the French people. On August 3, it was printed in Le Moniteur universel .
In the manifesto it was stated that if the national guardsmen fight against the troops of the two allied courts, then "they will be punished as rebels who rebelled against their king." According to the manifesto, members of the National Assembly , department administrators and other officials “will be held personally responsible for all the events”, they will “be responsible for everything with their own heads” and they will be “judged by the laws of the war without any hope of pardon.” The manifesto threatened Paris with military violence and complete destruction ( fr. Une exécution militaire et une subversion totale ), if its inhabitants commit their king and his family "at least the slightest insult, even the smallest violence" [1] .
The issue of authorship of the manifesto is debatable. The duke himself had a reputation for moderate views; there is no reliable information that he personally drafted the manifesto. It is more likely that the French emigres , royalists who joined the Austro-Prussian army, were the authors or inspirers of the manifesto. According to one version, this is Prince Louis-Joseph de Bourbon-Conde , commander of the emigrant military corps, the so-called “ Conde Army ”. On the other - J. Malle , and (former Mirabeau secretary) with the participation of Count Ferzen .
Consequences
The manifesto had consequences directly opposite to its main goals: to force the population of France to obey and ensure the safety of the king and queen . He contributed to the radicalization of the revolution and, ultimately, became the reason for the uprising on August 10, 1792 and the “September killings” .
See also
- Pilnitsa Declaration
Notes
- ↑ Revunenkov V.G. History of the French Revolution. - SPb. : SZAGS — Education-Culture, 2003. - P. 191. - 775 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-89781-107-5 .
Literature
- Connelly, Owen. The wars of the French Revolution and Napoleon, 1792–1815. - Routledge, 2006. - ISBN 0-415-23984-2 .
- Taylor, Brian. The empire of the French: a chronology of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars 1792–1815. - Stroud, United Kingdom: Spellmount, 2006 .-- ISBN 1-86227-254-9 .
Links
- The Proclamation of the Duke of Brunswick, 1792 . Hanover Historical Texts Collection . Hanover College . - Translation into English. Date accessed July 12, 2019. Archived June 17, 2019.