This article lists the deities of the Slavic pagan pantheon with brief characteristics of their functions. For more information about the paganism of the Slavs, see the article " Slavic paganism ."
Content
Pan-Slavic gods
- Perun is a thunderer, the main god of the pantheon [1] .
- Mother - Cheese Earth - the female image of the personified fertile, giving birth to mother earth. See, for example, such common Slavic customs as an oath to the land, confession to the earth, kissing the earth, and so on. [2]
Gods of the Eastern Slavs
On the right is Vladimir's pantheon in the view of an old Russian scribe.
- Pantheon of Prince Vladimir [3]
- Perun - the main god, the patron saint of the prince and the squad, also a thunderer [4] . Replaced by Elijah the prophet .
- Horse - personified sun [5]
- Dazhbog - the solar deity, in folklore - closes the winter and unlocks the spring, the patron of weddings, in the book - the ancestor of the Russian people from prince to farmer [6]
- Stribog - a deity probably associated with atmospheric functions (wind) [7]
- Semargl is a semi-divine character with obscure functions, possibly a messenger between the celestial and terrestrial worlds [3]
- Mokosh is a female deity, the patroness of spinning and weaving [8] . Replaced Paraskeva-Friday .
- Other gods of ancient Russia
- Hair ~ Velez - scientists are usually identified, but the sources are mentioned in different contexts:
- Hair is a "cattle god", patron of cattle [9] . Changed over. Vlasiy Sevastiysky .
- Veles is the patron god [10] of storytellers and poetry [11] , since the narrator Boyan is named in the “ Word of Igor's Regiment ” by the Veles grandson .
- Rozhanitsy and Rod - characters, personified the intended, the fate of the newborn, "that the genus is written" [12]
- Svarog - perhaps a blacksmith god [13]
- Svarozhich - personified fire [14]
The funeral of Kostroma . Drawing with splints. XIX century
- Ritual and calendar characters
- Maslenitsa [15]
- Yarila [16]
- Kostroma [17]
- Kostrubonka [18]
- Kolyada [19]
- Kupala
The ceremonial and folklore personifications of the holidays were not gods, but characters of the carnival- game nature. According to a number of scientists [20] , being an archaic stage in the development of the cult of a dying and resurrection deity , was thought to be the focus of the forces of fertility and fertility. After honoring and mourning, the effigy was torn, buried or burned. The remnants were scattered in the fields or in the barn.
- "Gods" and characters of book origin
- Troyan is a character-symbol of antiquity in the “ Lay of Igor's Campaign ”. Other sources are listed along with the rest of the gods [21] . Apparently it was borrowed from the South Slavic folk tradition.
- Dyy - version of the name of the ancient Zeus in the ancient Russian teachings against paganism
- Alkonost and Sirin - mythical birds of ancient Russian books, borrowed from the ancient tradition
Gods of the Western Slavs
Idol of the Baltic Slavs (Father Volin )
- Gods of the Baltic Slavs
- Svyatovit - the main god Arkon , is associated with war and victory [22]
- Triglav is the main god of his locality, the sacred black horse is associated with him, his idol has three heads [23]
- Svarozhich ( Radegast ) - the main god of the earth of the Ravarians , associated with military functions [24]
- Chernobog is an evil god bringing misfortune [25]
- Prove - the main god of Stargard County , was revered in a sacred oak grove [26]
- Pripegala - a god with obscure functions, judging by the source - of the “ Dionysian ” type [27]
- Podag - god of vagres with obscure functions, who had a temple and an idol in Pluna [28]
- Ziva is a female deity, the main deity of her locality [29]
- The Three Gods of Korenica [30]
- Yarovit - god of war and fertility [31]
- Ruevit - the main god of Korenica, the god of war [32]
- Grunting or Porenut - a god with obscure functions [32]
The effigy of Marjana, prepared for the burning
- Ritual and calendar characters
- Marena (Morena, Marjana) is a spring myth and ritual character, an effigy, the embodiment of death and winter that was drowned, torn or burned
- Lower characters
- Rarog - mythological fire bird
- Velez - hell, demon in Czech sayings
- Ferry (Perun) - mentioned in curses (like Parom do tebe! Or Ej, do Pioruna! )
Mythological characters of the southern Slavs
Burning badniak on a fire at the temple of St. Savva in Belgrade
- Badnyak is a myth-ritual character symbolizing the old year. It embodies the log, which is burned at Christmas.
- Bozhich is a myth-ritual character symbolizing the new year. "Young God" as opposed to Badnyak - "Old God".
- Pitchfork - women's water perfume, similar to the mermaids .
- Herman - a seasonal character associated with fertility
- Dabog is a mythologized image of “a king on earth,” as opposed to God in heaven.
- Dodola or Paparuda - a female character who participates in the rituals of calling for rain. Associated with Perun .
- Zdukhach - a man or an animal with the ability to deal with bad weather.
- Sudzhenitsy - female creatures that determine the fate of the child at birth.
Lower mythology characters
- The mortgaged dead - people who died not by their death (drowning, suicide, opyots, etc.) [33]
- Mermaid - the soul of the "mortal" dead [33] [34]
- Mavka - evil spirit, mermaid, spirit of a dead unbaptized child
- Vila - female mythological creature, which turns into girls who died without baptism
- The ghoul is a “mortal” dead man who kills people and drinks their blood [35] [33]
- Svyatochnaya evil - evil forces , activated during Christmas time
- Bes - evil, hostile to the people spirit
- Volkolak - a werewolf sorcerer capable of assuming the appearance of a wolf
- Bereginya - the female spirit, the patron of vegetation living in water bodies [35]
- A fever is a feminine spirit that invades a person and causes illness.
- The fire serpent is a demon in the shape of a fireball that flies into the chimney and visits women who yearn for their husbands.
- Kikimora is a negative female character living in a person’s dwelling and in other buildings, spinning at night
- Midday - female field perfume of noon, as a boundary and critical time
- Brownie - patron spirit of the house
- Bannik - the master of the bath
- Yard - the spirit of the host yard
- Ovinnik is the master spirit of the barn
- Water - the master of the rivers and reservoirs
- Goblin is the master of the forest
- Baba yaga
- Boruta - the Polish name of the spirit - the owner of the forest (Leshego)
Notes
- ↑ Procopius of Caesarea. War with the Goths. Book VII (Book III of the Gothic War), 14
- ↑ Belova O. V., Vinogradova L. N., Toporkov A. L. Zemlya // Slavic Antiquities: Ethnolinguistic Dictionary : 5 t. / Under the general ed. N.I. Tolstoy ; Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences . - M .: International Relations , 1999. - T. 2: D (Give) - K (Crumb). - p. 315-321.
- ↑ 1 2 PVL 1950 I, p. 56.
- ↑ PVL 1950 I, p. 25, 38-39, 52, 56, 80-81; Novgorod I Chronicle (989), Novgorod IV and the Sofia I Chronicle; Conversation of the three hierarchs ; Walking of the Virgin in agony , etc.
- ↑ PVL 1950 I, p. 56; Conversation of the three hierarchs; A word about Igor's regiment, p. 36; Boating of the Virgin in agony , 23.
- ↑ PVL 1950 I, p. 56, 197–198 (Ipatiev Chronicle); A word about Igor's regiment, p. 17, 19.
- ↑ PVL 1950 I, p. 56; A word about Igor's regiment, p. 12.
- ↑ PVL 1950 I, p. 56; The word of a certain Christ-lover and adversary of the right faith ; The word of sv. Gregory ... about how filthy bowed to idols, etc.
- ↑ PVL 1950 I, p. 25, 52; Padded life of sv. Prince Vladimir
- ↑ Likhachev D. S. “The Word about Igor's Regiment” and the culture of his time . - L .: Fiction, 1985. - p. 103.
- ↑ Word about Igor's regiment, p. 7
- ↑ Isaiah the prophet's word, interpreted by St. John Chrysostom, about supplying the second meal to the family and rozhanitsy
- ↑ PVL 1950 I, p. 197–198 (Ipatiev Chronicle).
- ↑ The word of a certain Christ-lover and a zealot of right-wing faith, etc.
- ↑ Propp, 1995 , p. 81–85.
- ↑ Propp, 1995 , First mentioned in exhortation of St. Tikhon Zadonsky residents of Voronezh , 1763;, p. 81–85.
- ↑ Propp, 1995 , p. 98-99.
- ↑ Propp, 1995 , p. 97.
- ↑ Meletinsky, 1990 , p. 289.
- ↑ V. Mannhardt, J.J. Frazer , V.Ya. Propp .
- ↑ Word about Igor's regiment, p. 6, 14, 19, 35; Word and revelation of Sts. apostle; Boating of the Virgin in agony , 23.
- ↑ Helmold I, 52; II, 12; Saxon Grammar XIV, 564.
- ↑ Ebbon III, 1; Herbord II, 32-33.
- ↑ Titmar VI, 22-23. Other sources are, apparently, later compilations.
- ↑ Helmold I, 52; Knitlingsag, 314. As opposed to it, some researchers reconstructed Belobog on the basis of indirect sources.
- ↑ Helmold I, 52, 69, 83.
- ↑ Letter from the Magdeburg Archbishop Adelgolt , 1108 (some researchers have doubts about its authenticity)
- ↑ Helmold I, 83.
- ↑ Helmold I, 52.
- ↑ According to the assumption of R. O. Yakobson , they were gods of three seasons.
- ↑ Ebbon III, 8; Herbord III, 6.
- ↑ 1 2 Saxon Grammar XIV, 577.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Zelenin DK. Dead and unnatural mermaids
- ↑ Propp, 1995 , p. 89-92.
- ↑ 1 2 Word of sv. our father John Chrysostom, etc.
Literature
- Helmold . Slavic Chronicle. M. , 1963.
- Kolyada // Mythological Dictionary / Ch. ed. E.M. Meletinsky . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990. - ISBN 5-85270-068-1 .
- Mansikka V.Y. Religion of the Eastern Slavs. - M .: Imli them. A. M. Gorky RAS , 2005.
- Tale of Bygone Years / Ed. V.P. Adrianova-Peretz . - M.- L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1950. Part I.
- Propp V. Ya. Russian agrarian holidays: (Experience of historical and ethnographic research) . - M .: Terra, 1995. Archived on February 27, 2012. Archival copy of February 27, 2012 on Wayback Machine (inaccessible link from 03-02-2018 [544 days])
- A word about Igor's regiment. M., 1800.
Links
- Denisevich Ksenia. Who and why invented the ancient Slavic gods? . Course number 14. Russian epic