The policy of Pakistan ( English Politics of Pakistan ; Urdu پاکستان سیاست ) provides for a parliamentary system of government, the president of Pakistan is largely a ceremonial head of state, the prime minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in Parliament.
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Executive power
The head of state is a president elected by the federal parliament (upper house ( Senate ) and lower house ( National Assembly ) for a term of 5 years.
The President of Pakistan has the following rights:
- is the head of the executive branch, part of the legislative branch;
- is the supreme commander of the armed forces of the country
- possesses the right to pardon, cancel and reduce the sentence of any court
- makes appointments:
- prime minister
- government members
- provincial governors
- members of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and the supreme courts of the provinces
- Chairperson of the State Service Commission
- Chief Election Commissioner and Members of the Election Commission
- top military leaders.
Government
The government , approved by the president, forms and heads the prime minister , who usually represents the majority party or coalition in the National Assembly. The Prime Minister must be a Muslim, appointed by the President from among the members of the National Assembly. The prime minister should be trusted by the majority of his deputies. On his advice, the president appoints ministers. The government develops bills and submits them to the discussion of parliament.
Pakistani Prime Minister - is the head of government. Elected by the National Assembly of Pakistan, most often the leader of the party coalition that received the most votes. The president has the right to remove the prime minister from office by dissolving the assembly and calling for new elections. The seventeenth amendment to the Constitution allowed the Supreme Court of Pakistan to impose a veto on the president’s decision to remove the prime minister. [one]
During periods of martial law, the post of prime minister was abolished, and the president was the president.
The current Prime Minister, Yusuf Reza Gilani , was sworn in on March 25, 2008 . [2]
Legislature
The Parliament of Pakistan consists of two chambers - the Senate and the National Assembly .
The Senate consists of 100 members elected by the deputies of the lower chamber of the federal parliament and the provincial legislatures by a majority scheme. The term of office of the Senate is 6 years. One third of the Senate is updated every 2 years. The Chairman of the Senate is Faruk Khamid Naek (since March 12, 2009 ).
Senate parties
| The consignment | Senators |
|---|---|
| Pakistan People’s Party | 27 |
| Pakistan Muslim League (K) | 21 |
| Jamiyat-Ulema-e-Islam | ten |
| Pakistan Muslim League (N) | 7 |
| Muttahida Qaumi Movement | 6 |
| Avami league | 6 |
| Tribal Area | eight |
| Independent | four |
| Jamaat-i-Islami | 3 |
| Balochistan National Party | 2 |
| Pakistan National Party | 2 |
| Pakistan Muslim League | one |
| Jamhuri Vatan | one |
| Pakistani People’s Party (Sherpao) | one |
| Pakhtun-khwa Milli Awami Party | one |
| Total | 100 |
The National Assembly consists of 342 deputies, 272 of whom are elected by direct ballot by the system of proportional representation for a period of 5 years. 60 places given to women, 10 places reserved for members of religious minorities. The chairman of the National Assembly is Fehmida Mirza (since March 19, 2008 ).
Parties in the national assembly
| Political Party | Number of votes | % | Elective places | Reserve places (for women) | Reserve places (for minorities) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pakistan People’s Party | 10,606,486 | 30.6% | 94 | 23 | four | 130 |
| Pakistan Muslim League (N) | 6,781,445 | 19.6% | 71 | 17 | 3 | 95 |
| Pakistan Muslim League (K) | 7,989,817 | 23.0% | 42 | ten | 2 | 55 |
| Muttahida Qaumi Movement | 2,507,813 | 7.4% | nineteen | five | one | 25 |
| People's National Party | 700,479 | 2.0% | ten | 3 | 0 | 13 |
| Muttahida Majlis-i-Amal | 772,798 | 2.2% | five | one | 0 | 6 |
| Pakistan Muslim League (F) | four | one | 0 | five | ||
| Pakistani People’s Party (Sherpao) | 140,707 | 0.4% | one | 0 | 0 | one |
| National People's Party | one | 0 | 0 | one | ||
| Balochistan Folk Party | one | 0 | 0 | one | ||
| Independent | 18 | 0 | 0 | 18 | ||
| Total | 34,665,978 | 100 % | 266 | 60 | ten | 336 |
| [3] , [4] | ||||||
Judicial power
The legal branch of state power is represented by the Supreme Court (whose members are appointed by the president) and the Federal Islamic Sharia Court.
The chairman and members of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president. The Supreme Court deals with disputes between central and provincial governments, as well as between provinces. The Armed Forces of Pakistan are the final appellate instance in cases involving legal issues related to the interpretation of the constitution when it comes to capital punishment, etc., provides opinions on legal issues submitted for its consideration by the president, monitors compliance with the fundamental rights of citizens , decides on the constitutionality of certain actions of state bodies and their eligibility.
The provinces have their own High Courts, their chairmen and members are appointed by the president. Lower courts (from local to district) are divided into criminal and civil and appointed by provincial governors.
During the rule of Zia-ul-Haq , the Federal Sharia Court was also created, which decided whether the laws comply with the canons of Islamic law.
See also
- Pakistan's foreign policy
- Pakistan Ministry of the Environment
- Pakistan Ministry of Labor
Notes
- ↑ Constitution / Ordinances (English) . The appeal date is September 19, 2010. Archived March 18, 2012.
- ↑ Pakistani Prime Minister sworn in . Archived March 18, 2012.
- ↑ http://www.ecp.gov.pk/NAPosition.pdf Election Commission of Pakistan
- ↑ http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/p/pakistan/pakistan2008.txt Adam Carr's Electoral Archive