The rule of nine ( Ukrainian: rule of nine ) - the rule of phonetic adaptation of borrowed words and, accordingly, spelling in the Ukrainian language .
According to the rule of nine, in borrowed nouns the sound [i] of the source language is between one of the nine consonants (hence the name) - d, t, s, s, q, w, w, h, p - and the letter meaning the consonant, in addition to th , it is transmitted in pronunciation with the Ukrainian sound [ɪ] , and in the letter with the letter and (sound similar to Russian s [ɨ] , but not matching it). After the remaining consonants, the sound [i] is transmitted by the sound [i] and is recorded by the letter i .
Example: signal, din amo, mode, diesel, winter .
Before the vowels and th , as well as on open syllables, at the end of the word, the rule of nine does not apply and the sound and letter i are used : dio ptr_ya, stan tsiya , hell zhio , kolib ri , so si (but: so sys t - since here closed syllable).
In general, the rule of nine does not apply to proper names, therefore, a proper name, becoming a household word, changes the vowel: Дізель , but diesel .
There are a number of exceptions to the rule of nine related to individual geographical names, surnames, long-standing borrowings and borrowings from the Russian language. The status of a number of exceptions is controversial and is interpreted differently in different manuals.
The rule of nine was formulated in 1913 by the authors of the “Grammar of the Ukrainian language” S. Y. Smal-Stotsky and F. Gartner on the model of a similar rule of Polish spelling [1] .
Mnemonic rule
To memorize the “rule of nine” there are a number of mnemonic phrases, all words of which begin with the corresponding 9 letters. One of these phrases is “ The roar and hoot Dnepr is wide, chowny with your wife” (“The Dnieper roars and groans wide, drives shuttles with gypsies”; the first five words are the beginning of Taras Shevchenko ’s ballad “ Causal ”).
The mnemonic phrase “De tis ziu qiu fat bowl?” (“Where do you eat this bowl of fat?”), Containing only relevant consonants, is also widely known [2] .
Notes
- ↑ Masenko L.T. Mova and politics. - K .: Sonyashnik, 1999 .-- 100 p. - Ukr. mov. Pre-print edition 2003 p.
- ↑ Spelling of the words of the походinshomnogo march. Archival copy of March 11, 2012 on the Wayback Machine (link checked August 9, 2011)
Literature
- Ukrainian spelling. - K .: Science. Dumka, 2012. - § 90. - S. 120-122.
- Olena Guzar. Spelling standard of Ukrainian movi: history and realities. News of Lviv. to university. Serіya filol. 2004. VIP. 34. Part III S.501-506
- The rule of "nine" in the context of the words ян and слов non-words ’parallels of Ukrainian language / Maxim Olegovich Vakulenko // Comparative words of words ян words and literature: Memory of academician Leonid Bulakhovskiy: Зб. sciences. pr. - VIP. 10. - K.: Vidavn.-polygraph. Center "Kyiv University", 2009. - 479 p. - S. 21-27.