Uzbeks in Russia are one of the fastest growing national minorities in the Russian Federation . According to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, 289,862 Uzbeks lived in Russia (0.2% of the country's population), according to other estimates, this number is greatly underestimated, and can reach more than 2 million people. [1] [2] Believers - Muslims - are Sunnis , the language is Uzbek , many speak Russian and Tajik . It should be noted that Uzbeks come to Russia not only from Uzbekistan, but also from other Central Asian republics and Kazakhstan, since there are significant Uzbek diasporas in each of these countries. For example, in the 2000s, Uzbeks from Kyrgyzstan moved mainly not to Uzbekistan , as in the early 1990s, but to Russia [3] . On the other hand, in the stream from Uzbekistan there are representatives of various nationalities besides ethnic Uzbeks.
Content
History
According to the 1989 census , 126,899 Uzbeks lived in the RSFSR. The collapse of the Soviet Union had a strong negative impact on the economy of Uzbekistan and provoked a crisis, which caused a massive migration from Uzbekistan to Russia, first of the non-titular population, and then ethnic Uzbeks. Uzbekistan is traditionally one of the most significant migration donors in Russia. In 2015, the balance of migration of the republic in exchange with Russia amounted to minus 29.3 thousand people, in 2016 - minus 26.6 thousand people of various nationalities, including Uzbeks [4] .
Currently, Uzbeks, both Uzbek citizens and Russian citizens of Uzbek origin, work in all sectors of the Russian economy and make up the largest group of immigrants from Central Asia and the CIS as a whole. Among the famous Uzbeks are cosmonaut Salidjan Sharipov and multimillionaire Alisher Usmanov , the richest man in Russia according to 2012 data.
Resettlement and Demography
According to censuses, the number of Uzbeks in Russia was:
- 2002—122 916 people [5]
- 2010–289,862 people [6]
The subjects of the Russian Federation , in which the number of Uzbeks in 2010 exceeded 5 thousand people [6] :
| The subject of the Russian Federation | Uzbek population | % of the population of the region |
|---|---|---|
| Moscow | 35 595 | 0.31 |
| Moscow region | 25,773 | 0.36 |
| St. Petersburg | 20 345 | 0.42 |
| Tyumen region | 14,743 | 0.43 |
| Novosibirsk region | 12 655 | 0.47 |
| Samara Region | 11 242 | 0.35 |
| Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area | 9 970 | 0.65 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 9 358 | 0.22 |
| Primorsky Krai | 8 993 | 0.46 |
| Tatarstan | 8 881 | 0.23 |
| Bashkortostan | 7 945 | 0.20 |
| Volgograd region | 6 947 | 0.27 |
| Leningrad region | 6 717 | 0.39 |
| Krasnoyarsk region | 6,434 | 0.23 |
| Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District | 1,775 | 0.34 |
Labor Migration
Citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan enter the Russian Federation in the manner that does not require a visa, and are entitled to obtain a migration patent [7] for employment. According to the Federal Migration Service , more than 2 million citizens of Uzbekistan may be in Russia, of which 760 thousand have already received patents and work permits, and another 885 thousand have indicated labor activity as the purpose of their visit to the Russian Federation, but have not yet received permission documents.
Education Level
The 2010 census showed that the level of education of Russian Uzbeks is much lower than the general population of the Russian Federation. According to the 2010 census, among Uzbeks, only 10.5% had higher or postgraduate education (26090 people out of 249525 people of Uzbek nationality at the age of 15 years and older who indicated the level of education) [8] . Moreover, among residents of Russia of all nationalities, the share of people with higher education in 2010 amounted to 23.4% (among people aged 15 years and older who indicated the level of education) [9] .
Contribution to the Uzbek economy
Transfers of citizens of Uzbekistan are a significant source of development for this Central Asian republic. In 2016, according to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, money transfers from Russia to Uzbekistan amounted to 2.741 million US dollars [10] .
Community Organizations
A significant part of the Uzbek population of Russia is made up of temporary labor migrants, which does not contribute to the creation of permanent public organizations [11] .
At the federal level, the “ All-Russian Congress of Uzbeks, Uzbeks ” [12] , uniting the diasporas of 13 regions of Russia, operates. At the regional level, there are local Uzbek diasporas, for example, “The Uzbek Commonwealth of Moscow”, the Astrakhan Society of Uzbek Culture “Uzbekistan” [13] and others. Attempts are being made to create print media for Uzbek labor migrants [14] .
Famous Russian Uzbeks
- Sharipov, Salizhan Shakirovich - Russian cosmonaut;
- Usmanov, Alisher Burkhanovich - the richest man in Russia according to Bloomberg (2012) and the UK;
- Makhmudov, Iskandar Kakhramonovich - founder and president of the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company (UMMC) ;
- Ravshana Kurkova - Russian theater and film actress;
- Janik Fayziev - Uzbek-Russian film and television director, producer, actor, screenwriter. General Director of the film studio "KIT").
- Nargiz Zakirova - American-Russian singer;
- MS Doni is a Russian musician, performer of songs in the R'n'B genre, a popular rapper and DJ.
- Sogdiana - Uzbek-Russian singer
Notes
- ↑ Head of the Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation Romodanovsky shares his plans (January 23, 2013). Date of treatment April 18, 2013.
- ↑ Newspapers write about Uzbeks in Russia (Neopr.) . - Demoscope Weekly . - No. 203-204 .
- ↑ Uzbeks flee from Kyrgyzstan to Russia , InoSMI.ru (August 2, 2010). The appeal date is February 2, 2017.
- ↑ The resident population of Uzbekistan is 32.12 million . Demoscope Weekly.
- ↑ 2002 All-Russian Census
- ↑ 1 2 2010 All-Russian Population Census
- ↑ Obtaining a patent for labor activity by foreign citizens Archived on April 29, 2013.
- ↑ http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol4/pub-04-13.pdf
- ↑ http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol3/pub-03-01.pdf
- ↑ Interstate relations of Russia and Uzbekistan
- ↑ N.A. Zotova . National Communities of Moscow (June 21, 2006). Date of treatment April 18, 2013.
- ↑ All-Russian Congress of Uzbeks, Uzbeks . Archived on November 21, 2016. (Retrieved April 18, 2013)
- ↑ Uzbek Culture Society of Uzbekistan Archived on March 4, 2016.
- ↑ Newspaper “Kazbegim” Archived copy of December 11, 2013 on the Wayback Machine (Retrieved April 18, 2013)