Abdel Salam Jellood

Abdel Salam Jelloud was born December 15, 1944 ^[1] in the tribe of the Magaraha (the main tribe in the country) in the region of the city of Mizda in the south of Tripolitania in a peasant family. He graduated from high school in the administrative center of Fezzan in the city ​​of Sebha , where in 1959 he met Muammar Gaddafi ^[2] . After 1961 , when Gaddafi was expelled from Sebha, Jellud continued his studies and actively participated in illegal opposition activities ^[3] , and in 1963, together with Gaddafi (and at his insistence, as well as by decision of the meeting of young opposition members), entered the military school in Benghazi, after which in 1965 ^[2], with the rank of junior lieutenant, along with classmates Abu Bakr Younis Jaber , Huweildi al-Khmeadi and Abdel Moneim al-Khuni, he was distributed in Tripoli, where he served in the armored forces ^[4] . In Tripoli, he headed the second military center of the clandestine organization Free Officers Unionists created in 1964 ^[5] . Then he was transferred to the engineering troops ^[2] , underwent short-term military training in the United States and Great Britain ^[6] . In 1967, Jellood and Abu Bakr Younis Jaber were appointed responsible for the military training of civilian supporters of the organization and for the organization of secret weapons depots ^[7] . On August 8, 1968, at a meeting of the Central Committee of the OSJUS in Gemines, he was elected coordinator of the organization’s operational work (in fact, deputy Gaddafi). He, as the head of the Tripoli Military Center (the center in Benghazi was headed by Muhammad Mogaref), as well as Abu Bakr Younis Jaber, Khuweldi al-Khmeadi and Abdel Moneimu al-Khuni, were entrusted with the work of the officers of the garrisons ^[8] . In January 1969, it was at his apartment in Tripoli that Gaddafi convened an extended meeting of officers, at which it was decided to carry out a coup on March 12, 1969 (the date was later rescheduled) ^[9] . After that, only on August 29 did he receive instructions from Gaddafi to begin preparations for the coup, and on August 30, together with Abdel Moneim al-Khuni, arrived in Tarhuna near Tripoli to inform Unis Jaber and Khuweldi al-Khmeidi ^[9] . A day later, four captains in Tripoli took action ^[10] .

Gaddafi's right hand

September 1, 1969 , on the day of the overthrow of the monarchy , led the actions of the "Free Officers" in the capital of Tripoli. His armored unit, together with units of Abu Bakr Younis Jaber and Khuweldi al-Khmeadi established control of the city and captured the residence of the rulers of the kingdom in its vicinity. After the victory of the revolution, he joined the Libyan Revolutionary Command Council , became deputy chairman, Muammar Gaddafi ^[5] and was promoted to majors ^[11] . In December 1969, he led the Libyan delegation in negotiations on the liquidation of foreign military bases ^[12] , in 1970, as a member of the IBC, he oversaw negotiations with foreign oil companies ^[5] . From January 16, 1970 to August 1971, he served as the only deputy prime minister and minister of internal affairs ^[11] , from September 1970 to July 1972 he was also the Minister of Economy and Industry of Libya ^[6] . In March 1970, he was sent on a special mission to the People’s Republic of China , where he was negotiating the acquisition of an atomic bomb for $ 100 million in order to “resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict once and for all”. But the Prime Minister of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, Zhou Enlai , opposed such a deal and the mission of Jelloud was frustrated ^[13] . In September 1970, during negotiations, he managed to achieve a significant increase in the price of oil produced in the country from foreign oil campaigns and ensure an influx of significant funds into the Libyan treasury. Andrew Ensor, who represented seven of the largest international oil campaigns in the negotiations, claimed that Jelloud made concessions by putting a gun in front of him ^[14] . In September 1971, at a meeting of representatives of OPEC countries in Beirut, he spoke in favor of establishing control over 51% of Libyan oil ^[15] . Russian historian A.Z. Egorin noted:

In 1970-1972 he served as Minister of Finance.

Prime Minister of the Libyan Arab Republic

July 16, 1972 replaced Muammar Gaddafi as Prime Minister of the Libyan Arab Republic ^[16] . In February 1973, the Committee on the Development of the War Industry was created, headed by Jelloud ^[17] . As prime minister , he visited the USSR in May 1974 and concluded the first agreement on large deliveries of Soviet weapons to Libya ^[18] .

From January 6, 1976 to March 2, 1977 he also served as Secretary General of the Libyan General People’s Congress , the country's highest legislative body ^[5] .

Member of the Jamahiriya Revolutionary Leadership

On March 2, 1977 , after the establishment of a “regime of democracy” in Libya, the highest state bodies of the Libyan Arab Republic — the Council of the Revolutionary Command and the Council of Ministers of the LAR — were disbanded, Libya itself received a new name - People’s Socialist Libyan Arab Jamahiriya . A. S. Dzhellud, who lost his posts in the SRK and the government, became one of the five members of the General Secretariat of the General People’s Congress of Libya ^{[5] [19]} . In this capacity, he paid another visit to the USSR on February 14-17, 1978 , during which the course on expanding cooperation between the two countries was confirmed ^[20] .

March 2, 1979 became a member of the Revolutionary leadership of Libya.

Visiting the USSR in May 1982, said:

May 26-30, 1986 he was again in the USSR, specifying the agreements reached during Gaddafi’s visit to the USSR in 1985. He signed the General Agreement on economic, scientific, technical and other types of cooperation between the USSR and Libya for the period up to 2000 ^[21] .

In the late 1980s, as a member of the Revolutionary Leadership, he was responsible for strengthening relations with Algeria and Syria ^[5] .

A.S. Jelloud's Major Overseas Trips

As Minister of Economics and Industry

• Algeria - January 1971 ;
• Germany and Great Britain - July 1971;
• Malta - July and October 1971;
• France - July, August and December 1971 ^[22] ;
• USSR - February 23 - March 4, 1972 (as a member of the IBS, Minister of Industry and Economics, and Acting Minister of Finance. Adopted by L. I. Brezhnev ( March 2 ), N. V. Podgorny ( February 28 ), A. N. Kosygin and Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR V. N. Novikov ( February 24 ). An agreement on scientific and technical cooperation was signed) ^{[23] [24] [25]} ;
• France - June 1972;

As Prime Minister of the Libyan Arab Republic

• France - November 1972 ^[26] ;
• Egypt - December 1973 ^[27] ;
• Czechoslovakia , Hungary , Poland and Romania - February 1974 ;
• Niger - April 1974 ^[28]
• USSR - May 14 - 20, 1974 ( May 15 , 17 - 19 negotiations with A. N. Kosygin, May 16 adopted by L. I. Brezhnev and N. V. Podgorny) ^[29] ;
• France, Germany, Italy , Sweden and Turkey - December 1974 ^[28] ;
• Turkey - January 1975 ;
• Zaire , Rwanda , Burundi - March 1975;
• Austria - April 1975;
• Yugoslavia , Bulgaria and Romania - April-May 1975;
• Iraq , Syria , Lebanon and Saudi Arabia - June 1975 ^[30] ;
• Algeria - January, February and May 1976 ;
• France - February 1976;
• Syria and Lebanon - a peacekeeping mission in June - July 1976 ^[31] ;

As a member of the KNK General Secretariat

• Niger - March 1977 ;
• Italy, Algeria, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and the GDR - May 1977;
• Malta - June 1977;
• Syria and France - November 1977 ^[32] ;
• Turkey - February 1978 ;
• USSR - February 14 - 22, 1978 ( February 15 was adopted by L. I. Brezhnev, February 16 - by D. F. Ustinov , February 17 - by A. N. Kosygin) ^[33] ;
• Algeria - February, July and November 1978;
• Pakistan , PRC (established diplomatic relations), Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Japan - August 1978 ^[34] ;

As a member of the Revolutionary Leadership

• Mali - March 1980 ;
• YAR and PDDR - April-May 1980 ^[35] ;
• Algeria - January and August 1981 ;
• Chad - February 1981;
• GDR - April 1981;
• Germany - April and July 1981;
• Syria - June 1981 ^[36] ;
• USSR - June 25 - 29, 1981 ( on June 26 held talks with A. N. Tikhonov and D. F. Ustinov ^[37] , on June 29, signed with N. A. Tikhonov a Protocol on the participation of Soviet organizations in the industrialization of Libya and the preparation of Libyan national frames ^[38] ;
• Yugoslavia - June-July 1981;
• Ethiopia - December 1981 ^[36] ;
• Mauritania - March 1982 ;
• Syria - March, April, July, August and December 1982;
• Ghana , Italy and the Vatican - May 1982 ^[39]
• USSR - May 26 - 28, 1982 ( May 27 was adopted by L. I. Brezhnev, N. A. Tikhonov and D. F. Ustinov) ^[40] ;
• Algeria and Iran - June 1982;
• People's Democratic Republic of Yemen - October 1982;
• USSR - November 1982 (head of the delegation at the funeral of L. I. Brezhnev);
• Ethiopia - November 1982 ^[39]
• Kenya - February 1983 ;
• Syria - February and December 1983 ^[41] ;
• USSR - March 16 - 18, 1983 (head of the delegation of the SNLAD, accompanied by the Commander-in-Chief of the Brigadier General J. Jaber. March 16 , 17 and 18, conversations with N. A. Tikhonov) ^[42] ;
• Czechoslovakia and Poland - March 1983;
• DPRK - October 1983;
• Bulgaria - December 1983;
• Jordan , Algeria, Ethiopia, YAR and Saudi Arabia - September 1983;
• PDRY - October 1983 ^[41] ;
• Morocco - January 1984 ;
• Nigeria - February 1984
• Syria - February, April and September 1984;
• Ethiopia and UDRP - September 1984;
• Algeria - October 1984 ^[43]
• USSR - February-March 1986 (the head of the delegation at the XXVI Congress of the CPSU ) ^[44] ;
• USSR - May 26 - 30, 1986 ( May 27 was adopted by M. S. Gorbachev , May 28 negotiations with N. I. Ryzhkov ) ^[45] ;
• Syria - November 1987 and participation in the Pan-Arab Summit in Amman (Jordan) ^[46] ;

In disgrace

In August 1993, due to disagreements with Gaddafi, Jellood was removed from the post of coordinator of the Revolutionary Committees and replaced by captain Mohammed Emsid al-Majdub al-Gaddafi ^[47] . September 30, 1994, together with Major Khuweidi al-Khmeadi was placed under house arrest, Gaddafi ordered the revolutionary committees to arrest the supporters of Djellud.

Al-Hayyat, a London-based newspaper, reported in April 1995 that authorities had seized Jelloud’s passport and established strict surveillance. The newspaper explained Jelloud’s opposition to his unwillingness to make concessions to European countries and Israel and to protest against the extradition of Libyans suspected of bombing an aircraft over Lockerbie ^[48] .

On March 2, 2011 , after the outbreak of the civil war in Libya, the Maghreb-intelligence.com website reported that former SRK members Abu Bakr Younes Jaber and Mustafa Harrubi, as well as prominent diplomats Abderrahman Shalgam and Saad Mujber, addressed the country's influential Jelludu with a request influence Gaddafi and persuade him to stop the bloodshed. However, Dzhellud’s reaction to this appeal was not reported ^[49] .

When, after five months, the Libyan opposition launched an assault on Tripoli, reports appeared. that Jellood and his family managed to escape from house arrest. Tunisian authorities and representatives of the rebels reported that on August 20, Jellood flew to Italy and announced the transition to the Transitional National Council ^[50]

Married, has children ^[5] .

• Newsreel. With a friendly working visit. About the visit to the USSR of a member of the Revolutionary leadership of the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Abdel Salam Jelloud. 1986 year
• Gaddafi's former ally said that the colonel has no opportunity to leave Tripoli