Humphrid [1] ( lat. Humfridus ) (died March 8, 869 [2] [3] , Teruan ) - Bishop of Teruan (856–869) and Abbot of (864–866). Holy , revered by the Roman Catholic Church (Memorial Day - March 8).
| Humphrid | ||
|---|---|---|
| lat Humfridus | ||
| ||
| 856 - 869 | ||
| Predecessor | Saint Folkvin | |
| Successor | Actard | |
| ||
| 864 - 866 | ||
| Predecessor | Adalard | |
| Successor | Guildwin | |
| Death | March 8, 869 Teruan | |
Content
Biography
The early years
The only thing known about the origin of St. Humphried is that the place of his birth was the valley of the river Meuse . From childhood, intended by parents for church life, Gumfried was transferred to as a child. He later tonsured it here. The life of the saint reports that leading a pious life of a monk, Gumfried soon became known to many noble people, including Emperor Lothar I [4] . He was probably present at the funeral of this monarch, who died in Prüm in September 855 [5] .
Bishop Election
Historical sources report that after the death of December 15, 855, Bishop Teruan St. Folkwin, Archbishop Reims Ginkmar , the head of the Metropolitanate , which included the Teruan diocese , fearing that the king of the West Frankish state Charles II Lysy would again try to uncanonically put his man on the vacant chair [6 ] , instructed Bishop Lana Pardul to monitor the election process. As a result, Saint Gumfried was elected the new bishop of Teruana [7] . The circumstances due to which his candidacy was approved by King Charles are not known exactly. It is assumed that the king of Lorraine Lothar II made an intercession for Gumfried. The enthronement of the new bishop of Teruan took place in 856 , according to the life of the saint, with the general joy of the inhabitants and the clergy of the city [8] .
The Ruin of Teruana
In 860, Gumfried took part in the church cathedral in Tusi [5] , but already in 861 he was forced to leave his flock and flee from Teruana, to which a large Viking army approached. Despite the fact that the city was surrounded by ramparts, the Normans , not meeting resistance, sacked Therouan and burned most of it [9] . Also, the Saint-Bertin Monastery, located on the territory of the Teruana diocese, was also attacked by the Vikings. Almost immediately after the Norman attack, Teruan was once again sacked, this time during the conflict between King Charles II Lysy and Baudouin Zheleznoruky , the future Earl of Flanders [8] .
Hardly experiencing the ruin of his city, Gumfried sent a message to Pope Nicholas I , asking him to let him lay down the bishop’s rank and retire to one of the monasteries. However, the pope categorically forbade Gumfried to leave the diocese, writing him a letter with words of support and exhortations [5] [8] .
City Restoration
Encouraged by the message of Nicholas I, Gumfried returned to Teruana, beginning the restoration of the twice-ruined city. Among the first buildings rebuilt by order of the bishop was the cathedral. In February 862, Gumfried was present at the cathedral in Aachen , which dissolved the marriage of King Lothar II with Teutberg [4] , and on August 15, 863, by order of the bishop, the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary was celebrated for the first time [10] . The process of rebuilding the city was also facilitated by the reconciliation of Charles II the Bald with Baudouin I Zheleznoruky, which took place in the same year, of which Teruan became one of the possessions [8] .
At the head of the Saint Bertine Monastery
On March 15, 864, Gumfried was elected abbot by the brethren of the Saint-Bertinsky Monastery, instead of the deceased Abbot Adalard . Combining the dignities of the bishop and the abbot, the head of the Teruan diocese helped to restore the monastery farm, which had been severely damaged by the Vikings, and in 866 received several rich estates from the Earl of Magenfried for the abbey. However, in the same year, Gumfried was forced to leave the Saint-Bertinsky monastery, after, at the behest of Charles II the Lysy , the cleric Gilduin was appointed new rector, who bought the dignity of the abbot from the king for thirty solid [11] .
Recent years
In 866, Gumfried took part in the cathedral in Soissons , convened by order of Pope Nicholas I. The thirty-five bishops who took part in it, led by Ginkmar Reims, examined the issue of prelates ordained by the displaced archbishop Ebbon [4] .
Saint Gumfried died in Teruana at the age of 87 years [4] . Most likely, this happened on March 8, 869 [2] [3] . He was buried in the restored city cathedral [8] . Actard , the former bishop of Nantes , was appointed his successor to the Diocese of Teruana, at the behest of Charles II the Bald.
Posthumous veneration
Shortly after his death in Teruana, the veneration of Bishop Gumfried as a saint began, and subsequently his cult spread to other areas of Flanders. The life of the saint tells of the many miracles allegedly occurred at the place of his burial. At the beginning of the XII century, the bishop of Teruan, Saint Jean , transferred the relics of Humphreys to a new cancer , installed on the altar of the cathedral. After the destruction of Teruana by the troops of Charles V of Habsburg in 1553, one part of Gumfred's relics was transferred to Ypres , the other to St. Omer [4] . At present, Gumfried of Teruana is considered a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. His name is entered in the Roman martyrology . Commemorative Day of St. Gumfried is celebrated on March 8, on the anniversary of his death [10] .
Notes
- ↑ Also referred to as Gunfried (Honfried) and Honfroix.
- ↑ 1 2 Moreau É. de. Histoire de l'église en Belgique . - L'Édition universelle, 1952.- T. II. - P. 451.
- ↑ 1 2 According to other sources, in 870 or 871.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Guérin P. Les petits Bollandistes . - Bloud et Barral, Libraires, 1876. - T. III. - P. 290-292. - 642 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Sant 'Unifrido de Therouanne (Italian) . Santi Beati. Date of treatment July 30, 2011. Archived on August 15, 2012.
- ↑ Charles II the Bald, several years earlier, tried to remove Bishop Volquin, but failed.
- ↑ Jager J.-N. Histoire de l'Eglise Catolique en France . - Paris: Adrien le Clere et C, Libraires-Éditeurs, 1863. - T. V. - P. 134. - 539 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Van Drival. Légendaire de la Morine, ou Vies des Saints de l'ancien Diocèse de Thérouanne . - Boulogne: Berger Frères, Imprimeurs, 1850. - P. 83-90. - 394 p.
- ↑ Saint Bertine Annals . Year 861
- ↑ 1 2 Humfrid (German) . Florilegium Martirologii Romani. Date of treatment July 30, 2011. Archived on August 15, 2012.
- ↑ Laplane H. de. Les abbes de Saint Bertin . - Saint-Omer: Chanvin Fils, Imprimeur, 1854. - P. 73-76. - 400 p.