Orchard - a plot of land occupied by perennial fruit stands [1] . One of the types of gardens in which fruits , berries and nuts are grown . Mixed plantings of fruit and berry crops are often also called orchard.
The beginning of the arrangement of gardens probably coincides with the beginning of settledness. Their initial purpose was to collect useful plants near the dwelling.
Some gardens are used for grazing pets . Pollination of the garden occurs mainly due to bees .
The horticulture industry is called Horticulture .
Content
Terms
The minimum size of industrial gardens, at which you can use a certain set of machines and rationally engage in fruit growing, is 50–75 ha.
From the right choice of site for an industrial garden, its productivity largely depends. The elevated plains, lowlands and cold slopes are unsuitable for laying orchards. In the central and northeastern regions of the European part of Russia, in the regions of the Urals and Siberia, the southern, southwestern, and western slopes with a steepness of 5-8 °, protected from the prevailing winds, are most suitable for gardening. In the southern regions, the northern and northwestern slopes are used, and for the heat-loving species (peach, figs), the southern slopes are used [1] .
The best soils are fertile, loose, water-permeable, not containing harmful salts, especially chloride and sulfate, as well as layers and layers that are difficult to perceive for roots.
Within one quarter, it is desirable to plant varieties of the same ripening period. In the industrial apple orchard, 2-3 summer and autumn varieties and 3-4 winter varieties are grown. When laying the garden, pollinator varieties are selected. Usually plant 4-6 rows of the main variety and 1-2 rows of pollinating varieties. For every hectare of the garden you must have 1-2 bee families.
2-3 years before the laying of the industrial orchard, they create horticultural and windbreaker bands that weaken the draining effect of the winds, prevent snow blowing off, create better conditions for the growth and fruiting of trees, protect the fruits from shedding during strong winds during the ripening period (see Horticultural plantings )
Fauna
In the orchard can live up to 5000 species of insects. Widespread are honey bees and Osmia bees , field bumblebees , Admiral butterflies , wasps , multiflorous butterflies , motley-eyed Galatea , swallowtail .
Cultures
Each type of climate has its own species of cultivated plants .
- Tropical area
- Euterpe
- Banana
- Cocoa Beans
- Coconut palm
- A coffee tree
- Durian
- Psidium
- Mango
- Papaya
- Rambutan
- Tea
- Subtropical region
- Avocado
- Citrus
- Cream apple
- Palm date
- Lychee
- Macadamia
- Olive European
- Temperate areas
- Almond
- An Apple
- Apricot
- Voskovnitsa
- Blackberry
- Blueberries
- Cherry
- Chestnut
- Cranberry
- Ginkgo
- Flacurtia indian
- Grape
- Common hazel
- Peach
- Pear
- Pecan
- Walnut
- Persimmon
- Home plum
- Raspberries
- Pear-shaped pear
See also
- Botanical Garden
- Gardening
- Horticulture
- Korochansky gardens
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Orchard // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
Links
- Orchard // Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- Orchard // Agricultural Encyclopedic Dictionary
- All About Gardens