9 × 19 mm Parabellum - a pistol unitary cartridge with a flangeless cylindrical sleeve with a small taper, developed in 1902 by the Austrian gunsmith Georg Luger for the self-loading pistol he created in 1900, Luger Pistol (Luger, Parabellum; P08, Parabellum, Borchardt-Luger ) 9 mm caliber, which appeared in 1903.
| 9 × 19 mm Parabellum | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Cartridge type | pistol |
| Producing country |  German Empire |
| Production history | |
| Constructor | Georg Luger |
| Time of creation | 1902 year |
| Years of production | from 1903 to the present |
| Specifications | |
| Cartridge Length, mm | 29.69 |
| Real bullet caliber , mm | 9.01 |
| Bullet weight, g | 7.45-10.25 |
| Muzzle velocity , m / s | 285-400 |
| Bullet Energy , J | 450-650 |
| Liner parameters | |
| Sleeve length mm | 19.15 |
| The diameter of the barrel muzzle, mm | 9.65 |
| The diameter of the base of the sleeve, mm | 9.93 |
| Diameter of sleeve flange , mm | 9.96 |
7.65 × 17 mm Browning (left),
7.62 × 25 mm TT (center),
9 × 19 mm Parabellum (right)
Title
The name “Parabellum” is taken from the Latin proverb “If you want peace, prepare for war” ( lat. Si vis pacem, para bellum ).
The cartridge is also known as 9 × 19 mm Luger.
Description
In fact, this cartridge is a shortened sleeve from a cartridge of 7.65 × 21 mm caliber Parabellum with a protruding edge formed by an annular groove. Instead of a bottle, the sleeve acquired a cylindrical shape, a large taper turned into barely noticeable. The liner was connected to a 9 mm bullet .
The initial version of the bullet had a conical shape with a flat head, which sometimes caused problems when feeding the cartridge from the magazine into the chamber. Therefore, in 1915, a new version of the bullet was with a lively warhead. The bullet at first had a steel clad cupronickel clad shell and a lead core. Since 1917, the steel shell of the bullet has been clad with tompak .
History
In 1904, the cartridge was adopted by the German fleet , in 1906 - into the arsenal of the German imperial army .
In 1939, a cartridge with a bullet weighing 7.5 grams was adopted by Sweden under the name m / 39 .
After World War II, the cartridge was adopted in many countries of the world.
He also became the standard patron of NATO countries .
Currently, this cartridge is one of the most common and massive 9 mm cartridges for pistols and submachine guns in the world, it is produced by a large number of manufacturers in different countries of the world. There are options with steel and brass sleeves, with bullets of various shapes and materials, including plastic [1] .
Modern Russian 9 × 19 mm cartridge options
Production of commercial 9 × 19 mm cartridges in Russia was launched in the 1990s - initially for export. At the turn of the 1990s and 2000s, it was decided to switch to a new full-time cartridge 9 × 19 mm for the army and the Ministry of Internal Affairs . For new weapon models, new cartridge modifications with improved ballistic and tactical-technical characteristics were developed.
- 9x19 PS gzh ( GRAU Index - 7N21 ) - cartridge with a bullet with a steel core. Developed by TsNIItochmash in the early 1990s. The mass of the bullet is 5.4 grams, the initial velocity of the bullet is 445-470 m / s. It surpasses commercial ammunition 9 × 19 mm Parabellum in power and the corresponding more powerful army rounds 9 × 19 mm NATO (9 × 19 + P). A bullet pierces a 4-mm plate of steel St.3 at a distance of 55 m [2] .
- 9x19 PBP gzh ( GRAU Index - 7N31 ) - cartridge with a bullet of increased penetration. Developed by the Tula Instrument Design Bureau in the early 2000s for the GSh-18 pistol. The 9 × 19 PBP semi-shell bullet has a heat-strengthened steel core, bare in the head. The shirt is made of aluminum alloy. Bullet weight - 4.1 grams, the initial velocity of the bullet - up to 600 m / s. High speed and design features of the bullet provide reliable penetration of bulletproof vests of the 2nd protection class according to GOST R 50744-95. When used in combination with a new cartridge of increased penetration (7N31), it penetrates body armor of class 2a or 8 mm steel plate at a distance of at least 20 m [3] .
- 9x19 PP gs (gzh) ( GRAU index - 7N30 ) - cartridge with a bullet of increased penetration. Designed in the late 2000s. KBAL them. L. N. Koshkina together with the Tula Cartridge Plant . Bullet weight - 5.5-5.8 grams, the initial velocity of the bullet - 420-445 m / s. The bullet pierces a 4 mm plate of steel St.3 at a distance of 60 m, and body armor Zh-86-2 at a distance of 25 m.
- 9x19 P gzh ( GRAU Index - 7N35 ) - cartridge with a lead core bullet. Developed by TsNIItochmash , not serially produced.
- 9x19 T gzh ( GRAU Index - 7T4 ) - cartridge with tracer bullet. Developed by TsNIItochmash , not serially produced.
- 9x19 PRS GS - cartridge of lowered ricochet ability. Developed and mass-produced by Barnaul Machine-Tool Plant OJSC. The mass of the bullet is 7.47 grams, the initial velocity of the bullet is 345-385 m / s.
- 9x19 PSO gzh (gs, hl) - a sports cartridge. Serially produced by the Tula Cartridge Plant . The mass of the bullet is 7.46 grams, the initial velocity of the bullet is 340 m / s.
- 9 mm Luger - cartridge sport-hunting [4] . Serially produced by PKBS AKBS LLC, Barnaul Cartridge Plant CJSC, Tula Cartridge Plant OJSC and Novosibirsk Cartridge Plant CJSC.
- 9x19 PFD - a cartridge of federal bodies. Serially produced by the Tula Cartridge Plant . The sleeve is steel with a polymer coating, two seed holes; Berdan capsule.
- 4.5x19 - two-medium cartridge. Developed by the Tula Instrument Design Bureau in the 2010s for firing a GSh-18 pistol under water.
Comparison of NATO ammunition
| Cartridge | Bullet weight , g | Bullet speed , m / s | Bullet Energy , J |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.62 × 51 mm NATO | 9.33 | 838 | 3275 |
| 5.56 mm NATO | 3.95 ... 5.18 | 772 ... 945 | 1700 ... 1830 |
| 9 × 19 mm Parabellum | 5.83 ... 9.53 | 290 ... 430 | 380 ... 700 |
Cartridge Weapons
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See also
- 9 × 18 mm PM
- 9 × 21 mm
- .45 ACP
- 7.62 × 25 mm TT
Notes
- ↑ A.I. Blagovestov. What They Shoot From The CIS: A Handbook of Small Arms. / A.E. Taras. - Minsk : Harvest, 2000. - S. 536-537.
- ↑ 9x19 Luger / Parabellum cartridge, 1902, Germany . worldweapon.info (02/05/2009). Date of treatment September 8, 2010. Archived February 17, 2012.
- ↑ Sergey Monetchikov. The GSh-18 pistol is the brainchild of Tula gunsmiths (Russian) // Bratishka magazine.
- ↑ Certificate of Conformity of Cartridge Archived March 17, 2013.