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Left: High Priest Pta Padiiset before the god Apis. Stella 28 years of reign Sheshonka III . The louvre museum Right: High Priest Pta Sheshonk II, son of the pharaoh Osorkon II . Cairo | ||
The high priest of the god Ptah (Pt) is the highest title among the priests of the ancient Egyptian god Ptah . The cult center was located in the city of Memphis .
The position of the great priest of god Ptah was indicated by hieroglyphs :
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or in abbreviated form:
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Literally, this translates as “Supreme Leader of the Masters” (or artisans).
Content
Sample List of High Priests of Ptah
Ancient Kingdom
| Name | Pontificate time | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| IV dynasty | ||
| Ptahduau | beginning of the XXV century BC e. [1] (under Pharaoh Mikherin ) | High Priest of Spirit Pta, Head of Artisans of the Temple of Pta of the White Wall |
| Setu | 1st floor. XXV century BC e. (under King Men-kau-Ra ) | |
| V dynasty | ||
| Ptahshepses I ("Noble Bird ") | 1st floor. XXV century BC e. (under Pharaoh Shepsheskaf ) | The head of artisans in the Double House of the Great Temple of Pt , the Priest of Ra - the embodied " Choir on the Horizon" (Khor-em-akhet). Wife: Khamaat, daughter of King Shepseskaf . During the V dynasty, he held influential posts at the court of 6 pharaohs, becoming a vizier at Nyuserra . |
| Ranefer (" Ra is perfect") | 1st floor. XXV century BC e. (at Shepsescafe - Ucercafe ) | priest of Sokar , "Guardian of the House of Sokar ", "Head of the masters on the day of the holiday" |
| Ptahshepses II (“Noble Bird ”) | 1st floor. XXV century BC e. (under Userkaf - Sahur ) | |
| Kanefer ("The Spirit is Perfect") | ser. XXV century BC e. (under Pharaoh Sahur ) | Wife: Tienteti |
| Khuyptah | ser. XXV century BC e. (under Pharaoh Neferirkar Kakai ) | son and successor of Kanefer and Tienteti |
| Neferefraanh (Ankhneferefra) ("The Perfect Phenomenon of the Life of Ra ") | 2nd floor. XXV century BC e. (under the pharaohs of Neferefra - Niuserra ) | |
| Ptahshepses III (“Noble Bird ”) | con. XXV — 1st floor. XXIV century BC e. (pre. with Niuserra - Menkauhor ) | |
| Sabu I By | 1st half — the middle of the 24th century BC e. (pre. under Jedkar Isesi ) | |
| Sabu II Ibebi | ser. — 2nd floor. XXIV century BC e. (under the Pharaohs Unise - Aunts ) | Probably the son of Ptahshepses III . Priest of the pyramids of the kings of Unis and Aunt . The clerk of the king. “The leader of all royal works,” “The head of the sacraments,” and “Privileged with every king” |
| VI dynasty | ||
| Ptahshepses IV (“Noble Bird ”) | the end of the XXIV century BC e. (under king Aunt ) | Son of Sabu II Ibebi . Priest of the pyramids of the kings of Unis and Aunt . Wife: Intiit (Anthat). Children: Sabu, Ptahshepses, daughter. |
| Sabu III Tzheti | con. XXIV — 1st floor. XXIII century BC e. (under the aunts Pharaohs - Piopi I ) | Son of Sabu II Ibebi . |
| Ptahshepses V Impi (“ Ptah noble”) | XXIII century BC e. (at the end of the VI dynasty ) | |
The First Transitional Period (IX, X Dynasties)
| Name | Pontificate time | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| Ankhu | between approx. 2170/20 and 2025/20 BC e. [2] |
Middle Kingdom
| Name | Pontificate time | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| XI dynasty | ||
| Pthemham | between approx. 2046 and 1959 BC e. (under Mentuhotep II ) [3] | |
| XII dynasty | ||
| Senusertanch ("Living for (goddess) Usert ") | between approx. 1956 and 1875 BC e. (under Senusert I ) [4] | Priest of Socar . "The head of artisans in the Double House." Tsarist architect. "Scribe of the archives of God." "Rector of the House of Life." "The Head of the Big House." |
| Sehotepibraanch I (“ Peaceing Ra's Heart with Life”) | between approx. 1956 and 1875 BC e. (under Senusert I ) [4] | Successor to Senusertanch . |
| Hakoraanh | OK. 1st floor XIX century BC e. (under Amenemhat II ) | |
| Nebkauraanh | OK. ser. XIX century BC e. (under Senusert III ) | |
| Waheth | OK. ser. XIX century BC e. (under Senusert III ) | |
| Sehotepibraanch II Nejem | 2nd floor. XIX century BC e. (under Senusert III and Amenemhet III ) | The son and heir of Wachet |
| Nepu | 2nd floor. XIX century BC e. (under Amenemhet III ) | Son and heir of Cechotepibraanch II . Wife: Kemi, pre. daughter of Pharaoh Senusert III . Presumably, the father of the first pharaoh of the XIII dynasty of Ugaf |
| Sehotepibraanh (?) III Scheri | con. XIX century BC e. (under Amenemhet III ) | Son (or brother) and successor to Nepu |
| Impi i | beg. XVIII century BC e. (under Amenemkhet III and Amenemkhet IV ) | |
Second Transitional Period
| Name | Pontificate time | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| XIII Dynasty | ||
| Serge | 2nd floor. XVIII BC e. (under king Ibi II ) | |
| Impe II | between con. Xviii and con. XVII BC e. | |
| Senebui | between con. Xviii and con. XVII BC e. | “The Crown Prince and ruler, one whose arrival in the Temple waited on the day of the rise of Sophis [5] , the greatest of the leaders of the craftsmen of the Lord, the main priest of his god, the reader of God.” Wife: Nubemheb. Sons: Ra Set |
| Sebekhotep Haku (" Sebek is Peaceful") | between con. Xviii and con. XVII BC e. | |
| XV dynasty | ||
| Ptachemhat I | between con. XVII and con. XVI BC e. | |
New Kingdom
| Name | Pontificate time | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| XVIII dynasty | ||
| Ptahamred | 4th quarter XVI BC e., under Joser-ka-Ra (Amenhotep I) | |
| Ptahmos I | 2nd quarter XV BC e., under Hatshepsut and Men-heper-Ra (Thutmose III) | "The Crown Prince and Ruler, the seal carrier of the king of Lower Egypt, the great priest Pt." Prefect of Memphis , treasurer of the king, vizier of Lower Egypt |
| Senefer ("One who is perfect") | 2nd floor. XV BC e., under Men-heper-Ra (Thutmose III) and Aa-heperu-Ra (Amenhotep II) | High Priest Ra . Children: the daughter of Sheri-Ra, the wife of Nebnaht, the prophet Herishef , their son Amenmose was a priest of Herishef . |
| Ptahmos II | beg. XIV BC e., under the kings Aa-heperu-Ra (Amenhotep II) and Men-heperu-Ra (Thutmose IV) | The son of Thutmose (Jehutimes) I, the vizier of King Men-heperu-Ra (Thutmose IV) , and Taui. Brother of Meriptah, administrator of the temple of Neb- Ma'at - Ra . "The eyes of the king in Upper Egypt and the ears of the king in Lower Egypt." "One who is in the Double House." The head of the prophets of Upper and Lower Egypt. Prefect of Memphis, treasurer of the king. |
| Penbenebes | 1st floor. XIV BC e., under King Nib-maat-Ra (Amenhotep III) | |
| Wermer | 1st floor. XIV BC e., under King Nib-maat-Ra (Amenhotep III) | |
| Jehutimesu (“Born Tot ”) | 1st floor. XIV BC e., under King Nib-maat-Ra (Amenhotep III) | The eldest son of King Nib-maat-Ra (Amenhotep III) and Queen Tiyi. Heir to the throne. “Head of the troops”, then the High Priest Pta and the Head of the Prophets of Upper and Lower Egypt, that is, the head of all religious cults in Egypt. |
| Ptahmos III | 1st floor. XIV BC e., under King Nib-maat-Ra (Amenhotep III) | The son of Menheper. Children: Thutmose (Jehutimes) II, Vizier of King Nib-maat-Ra (Amenhotep III) |
| Pachemnetger I | 1st floor. XIV BC e., under King Nib-maat-Ra (Amenhotep III) | son of ptahmos |
| Ptemhamat II Ti | 2nd floor. XIV BC e., under King Neb-heperu-Ra (Tutankhamun) and / or Heper-heperu-Ra (Eye) | Treasurer of the king. "The eyes of the king in Upper Egypt and the ears of the king in Lower Egypt." The son of the priest Ptah Hori. Children: Sai, priest of the Bastet Temple. |
| Meriptah (“Loving Pt.”) | con. XIV BC e., under King Heper-heperu-Ra (Eye) and / or Joser-heperu-Ra Setepen-Ra (Horemhebe) | "Noble". "The eyes of the king in Upper Egypt and the ears of the king in Lower Egypt." Prefect of Memphis, treasurer of the king, head of the tsarist judicial college of 30. |
| XIX dynasty | ||
| Sokaremsaf | under Pharaoh Seti I | |
| Nejeruichotep | under Pharaoh Seti I | |
| Iri-Iri | at the beginning of the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II | |
| Woo | OK. 1277-1259 BC e. (presumptive from 2 to 20 years of reign of Ramses II [6] ) | |
| Pachemnager II | OK. 1259-1244 BC e. (presumptions from 20 to 35 years of reign of Ramses II ) | the son of a dignitary named Mahu; presumably brother of Rachotep I, vizier Ramses II |
| Didia | OK. 1244-1234 BC e. (from 35 to 45 years of reign of Ramses II ) | son of Pachemnager II |
| Haemuaset I (Haemuas) ("Shining over Thebes ") | OK. 1234-1224 BC e. (from 45 to 55 years of reign of Ramses II ) | 4th son of Ramses II and Isitnofret , priest of Pta from approx. 1263 BC e. (16 year of Ramses II reign), heir to the throne from approx. 1229 BC e. (50 year of Ramses II reign) |
| Rakhotep II ( Ra Reassured) | the juice. 1224 BC e. (55 g. Reign of Ramses II ) | son of Pachemnager II, Vizier Ramses II and High Priest Ra |
| Neferrenpet I | pre. 1223-1214 / 3 BC e. (from 56 to 66 years of reign of Ramses II ) | son of Judge Neferrenpet, vizier of Ramses II from approx. 1222 BC e. (57 year of his reign), supreme leader of all divine cults of Egypt |
| Hori i | pre. 1214 / 3-1203 BC e. (from the 65/66 rule of Ramses II ) and under Pharaoh Merneptah | the son of Haemuaset I (Haemuas) , the grandson of Ramses II , the father of Hori II - the vizier of the pharaoh Merneptah . |
| Pachemnager III | under Pharaoh Seti II | the son of a dignitary named Fur; Treasurer of Pharaoh Seti II , Governor of Memphis (?) |
| Irie | under Pharaoh Seti II | High Prophet Osiris , Governor of Memphis (?) |
| XX dynasty | ||
| Ptemhamat III | under Pharaoh Ramses III | |
| Haemuaset II ("Shining over Thebes") | under the pharaohs Ramses III and Ramses IV (?) | son of Ramesses III and Iset |
| Neferrenpet II | under Pharaoh Ramses IX | |
Third Transitional Period
| Name | Pontificate time | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| XXI Dynasty | ||
| Ashakhet I | OK. 1062-1047 BC e. (under the pharaohs Smenddes and Amenemnisu ) | |
| Pipi i | OK. 1047-1027 BC e. (during psyznesnes I ) | son of Ashakhet I |
| Harcies I | OK. 1027-1017 BC e. (during psyznesnes I ) | son of Pipi I. Wife: Bauia, chief concubine of the god Pta |
| Pipi II (Netherheperre Meriptah) | 1st quarter of the 10th century BC e. (under the pharaohs Amenemope - Siamon ) | |
| Ashakhet (Askhabet) II | 2nd quarter of the 10th century BC e. (under Pharaohs Siamon - Psusennes II ) | son of pipi II |
| Anhefensehmet I | 2nd quarter — mid-10th century BC e. (under Pharaoh Psusennes II ) | son of Harsies I and Bauia. Wife: Tashepeniset, daughter of the great leader Mashauasha Sheshonka, the main concubine Pta and the priestess of the goddess Mut |
| Shedsu Nefertum | 2nd half of the 10th century BC e. (during Psusennes II - Sheshonke I ) | son of Anhefensehmet I and Tashepeniset. Wives: 1. Tanetsepekh II, daughter of Psusennes II ; 2. Mehtenueshet, sister of Sheshonka I , priestess of the goddess Mut . |
| XXII Dynasty | ||
| Sheshonk I | OK. 920-895 BC e. (under Pharaoh Osorkon I ) | son of Shedsu-Nefertum and Mehtenueshet, sister of Pharaoh Sheshonk I |
| Osorcon | OK. 895-870 BC e. (under Osorkon I - Osorkon II ) | son of the great priest Sheshonka I |
| Sheshonk II | OK. 870–851 BC e. (under Pharaoh Osorkon II ) | the son of Pharaoh Osorkon II and Queen Karoma II Meritmouth. |
| Merenptah ("Beloved Ptah") | OK. 851-830 BC e. (under the pharaohs of Osorkon II - Takelot II ) | Apparently, he did not belong to the dynasty of the descendants of Ashakhet I , nor to the XXII dynasty of the pharaohs of Egypt |
| Takelot | OK. 830-810 BC e. (under Pharaohs Takelot II - Sheshonka III ) | son of the great priest Sheshonka II , until approx. 830 BC e. great leader mashauasha . Wife: Tzhesbastperet, daughter of Pharaoh Osorkon II from the 2nd wife of Isetemhehbet. Children: Jedbastetesankh, 2nd wife of Pharaoh Sheshonok III |
| Padiset | OK. 810-770 BC e. (under the pharaohs Sheshonke III - Pami ) | the son of the great priest Takelot and Tzhesbastperet. Up to approx. 810 BC e. great leader mashauasha . |
| Peftjauahuibastet | OK. ? year BC e. (under Pharaoh Sheshonke III ) | son of the great priest Padiiset and Tahiri. |
| Harcies II | OK. 770-760 years BC e. (under Pharaoh Pami ) | the son of the great priest of Padiiset or Peftjauauibasteta . |
| Anhefensehmet II | OK. 760-740 BC e. (under Pharaoh Sheshonka V ) | son of Harcies II |
| XXIV Dynasty | ||
| Tefnacht | OK. 730-727 BC e. under Pharaoh Pianhi | in 727-720 years BC. e. was a pharaoh in sais |
Late Period
| Name | Pontificate time | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| XXVI (Sais) Dynasty | ||
| Pedipep | OK. ser. VII century BC e. (under Pharaoh Psammetichus I ) | |
| Pefteuemauibaste | ||
| Padineith | OK. ser. VI century BC e. (under Pharaoh Ahmose II ) | |
Hellenistic period
| Name | Pontificate time | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| Ptolemy | ||
| Nesisti Petubastis | under Ptolemy II | son of Anemhor I and Renpetnetheret. |
| Petubastis I | during Ptolemy II and Ptolemy III | son of Nesisti-Petubastis and Nefersobek. |
| Anemhor II | in 246 BC e. crowned the kingdom of Ptolemy III | son of Nesisti-Petubastis and Nefersobek. |
| Jedhor | during Ptolemy IV | Son of Anemhor II and Herankh. |
| Horemakhet (Garmahis) | 223 — between 194/3 and 180 BC e., 03/26/96 e. crowned the kingdom of Ptolemy V | Son of Anemhor II and Herankh. |
| Carry | between 194/3 and 180 BC e. | son of Khoremakhet and Nefertiti. Inherited Khoremakhet between 194/3 and 180 BC. e. |
| Petubastis II | at 145 BC e. crowned the kingdom of Ptolemy VIII | son of Psherenptakh I and Taimhotep I, grandson of Khoremakhet and Nefertiti. |
| Psherentptah II | ? —103 BC e. | son of Petubastis II, from approx. 122 BC e. married to Berenice, daughter of Ptolemy VIII |
| Petubastis III | 103-76 BC e. | son of Psherenptah II and Berenice |
| Psherentptah III | 76-40 BC e. | R. 91/90 BC e., son of Petubastis III, married to Taimhotep II |
| Petubastis IV Imhotep | 40-31.07.30 BC e. | R. 46 BC e., son of Psherenptah III and Taimhotep II |
| Psheremonamon I Letopolsky | 30-27 BC e. | uncle (mother's brother) of Petubastis IV, son of Kahapi and Herankh, posed by the Romans |
| Psheremonamon II | 27-23 BC e. (after this year, the priests stopped recording) | son of Psheremonamon I and Tanefherher |
See also
- List of Pharaohs
- High Priest Amon
Notes
- ↑ Due to the fact that the dating of a given period in the history of Egypt allows an error of 100 years on average, the time of the pontificate of the high priests of this period is also conditional, indicated on the basis of the periods of the reign of the respective kings
- ↑ Dating of the First Transitional Period is given according to J. von Bekerat
- ↑ The time period is given based on the dating of the reign of King Neb-Hetep-Ra (Mentuhotep II) , established by J. von Bekerat, E. Hornung, R. Krauss and D. Warburton
- ↑ 1 2 The time interval is given based on the dating of the reign of King Heper-ka-Ra (Senusert I) , established by J. von Bekerat, E. Hornung, R. Krauss and D. Warburton
- ↑ Sofis or Sotis - God personified with the constellation Isis ( Constellation Canis Major )
- ↑ Для исчисления периодов правления жрецов времён Рамсеса II автор исходил из датировки правления этого фараона с 1279 по 1213/2 годы до новой эры
Sources
- Визири Древнего Египта
- Джоан Флетчер. Клеопатра Великая. Женщина, стоящая за легендой. — М. : Издательство Астрель, 2010. — 478 с. - 2500 copies. — ISBN 978-5-271-32606-6 .
- История религии Древнего Египта
- Тураев Б. А. Эфиопские фараоны в Египте
- High Priests of Ptah in Memphis
- Ptolemaic High Priests of Memphis