Enets - the language of the Enets ; one of the Samoyed languages of the Uralic language family , distributed on the right bank of the lower reaches of the Yenisei in the Taimyr region . The number of speakers in the Enets language is 43. (2010). In 2002, there were 119 such people.
| Enets language | |
|---|---|
| Self name | Onei base [1] |
| Country | Russia |
| Regions | Taimyr Dolgan-Nenets district of Krasnoyarsk Territory |
| Total number of speakers | 43 (2010) [2] |
| Status | Endangered |
| Classification | |
| Category | Languages of Eurasia |
Ural family
| |
| Writing | Cyrillic |
| Language Codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-3 | enf - forest dialect enh - tundra dialect |
| WALS | |
| Glottolog | |
Content
Dialects
The language has two very different dialects - somata ( tundra , Khantai, turukhansk) and pe-bai (forest, Baiha, Karasin, Mangazey). The speakers of the tundra dialect live in the village of Vorontsovo , several families roam in the tundra near the village of Tukhard ; Until recently, they lived in the village of Karepovsk (near Vorontsov). The speakers of the forest dialect live mainly in the village of Potapovo . Several speakers of both dialects with passive possession of the Enets language live in Dudinka , singly - in other villages of the Taimyr region .
Enets alphabet
The Enets alphabet was developed at the turn of the 1980-1990s (the first draft was published by N. M. Tereshchenko in 1986). The alphabet is not officially accepted, but several books have been published on it (including the Russian-Enets dictionary for schoolchildren and the primer ). In 2018, the implementation of the project of the Project Office for the Development of the Arctic (PORA) and the Siberian Federal University for the development of official Enets writing began [3] .
The alphabet of the Enets-Russian and Russian-Enets dictionary based on the Cyrillic alphabet looks like this [1] :
| A a | B b | In in | G r | D d | Her | Her | Ԑ ԑ | F | S s |
| And and | Th | K to | L l | M m | N n | Ӈ ӈ | Oh oh | N p | R p |
| C s | Ҫ ҫ | T t | At | F f | X x | C c | H h | W sh | Y |
| b | S s | b | Uh | Yoo | I am i | ʼ |
The letter варе ҫ is missing in the Enets language book of the latest edition (2017) [4] .
In the Taimyr newspaper , which occasionally publishes materials in the Enets language, the letters Ӈ ӈ Э̇ э̇ ʼ ʼʼ are used, in addition to the letters of the Russian alphabet . A number of other publications use the alphabet with additional letters Ԑ ԑ , Ӈ ӈ , ʼʼ [5] .
Linguistic characteristic
Enetsky is an agglutinative language with a developed alternation of bases and fusion phenomena. Grammatically and lexically, it is close to the Nenets and Nganasan languages, due to their close kinship and contact. The names “Nenets”, “Enets” and “Nganasan” ( nenesa , enesa and nganasa ) themselves are etymologically identical.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 I.P. Sorokina, D.S. Bolin. Dictionary Enets-Russian and Russian-Enets. - SPb. : branch of the publishing house "Enlightenment", 2001. - 311 p. - ISBN 5-09-002526-6 .
- ↑ 2010 Census
- ↑ Scientists have developed writing for a small nation living in Siberia . Izvestia (November 15, 2018). Date of treatment November 18, 2018.
- ↑ D. S. Bolin. Primer: Grade 1: Textbook in the Enets language for educational organizations. - SPb. : Almaz-Graf, 2017 .-- 127 p. - ISBN 978-5-906377-62-3 .
- ↑ Z. N. Bolina. Enets picture dictionary. - Dudinka. - S. 2. - 120 p. - ISBN 978-5-98708-014-6 .
Literature
- Sorokina I.P. Enets language // Languages of the Russian Federation and neighboring states: Encyclopedia: in 3 volumes / Editorial board: V. A. Vinogradov , E. R. Tenishev (†), V. M. Solntsev (†), A. M. Shakhnarovich (†), E. A. Potseluevsky , G. A. Davydova; Reviewers: O. A. Kazakevich , T. B. Kryuchkova; Institute of Linguistics RAS . - M .: Nauka , 2005 .-- T. 3 (S — Z). - S. 470—479. - 608 p. - 1200 copies. - ISBN 5-02-011267-4 , ISBN 5-02-011237-2 . (in per.)
- Sorokina I.P., Bolina D.S. Enets-Russian Dictionary: with a brief grammar outline: about 8000 words. - SPb .: Nauka, 2009. ISBN 978-5-98187-304-1
- Sorokina I.P. Enets language. - SPb .: Nauka, 2010.412 s. ISBN 978-5-02-025581-4
- Mikola T. Morphologisches Wörterbuch des Enzischen. Szeged, 1995 (= Studia Uralo-Altaica 36)
Links
- Ethnologue (forest dialect)
- Ethnologue (tundra dialect)
- Bibliography
- Linguistics
- Enets Writing Project